The benefit of mixed culture of fish and lotus root in pond is high.

The technology of mixed culture of fish and lotus root in the format pond is to divide the hardened lotus root pond into small squares of 2 square meters and 4 square meters, with an average yield of 5000 kg per mu of water surface, 400 kg of fish and 450 kg of fish, with a net benefit of more than 10, 000 yuan per mu. This technology can make use of barren pits, barren beaches, river beaches and scattered corners to build mixed culture of pond fish and lotus root, which has the characteristics of small investment, low cost, quick effect and high benefit, so it is suitable for the development of thousands of rural families and has a very broad prospect of popularization.

Analysis of economy and prospect

The investment of the project is about 4000 yuan per mu, and the pool can be used for a long time. The average yield of lotus root per mu is 5000 kg, and the income per mu can reach 10, 000 yuan. In terms of market conditions, lotus root is a kind of popular food, which has a large market demand, which can supplement the market surplus at any time, and it is pollution-free food. With the improvement of people's awareness of green food, the demand for lotus root will increase greatly. In addition, a large amount of organic fertilizer is needed in ecological agriculture, which can promote the development of animal husbandry and other animal husbandry, so that planting and aquaculture can organically promote and develop each other; it has very important social and ecological benefits for the development of tourism agriculture, climate regulation and ecological environment, so it has a very broad development prospect.

Conditions and infrastructure of lotus root pond

1. The choice of lotus root ponds: barren beaches, waterlogged depressions, waste kilns and old lotus root ponds inside and outside the village can be used. As far as possible, choose places with convenient transportation, good water sources, no pollution, convenient drainage and irrigation, and no tall buildings or shade around to build lotus root ponds.

2. Lotus root pond construction: lotus root pond construction can be divided into several types: single brick wall isolation type, lime concrete structure house tile isolation type, plastic film bottom room tile isolation type, and plastic sheet and cement board isolation type. No matter which type, it must be coated with cement. In general, the area of lotus root pond is 1 mu, the best is 1 mu and 1.5 mu, and the pond depth is 0.8 m to 1.2 m. After the pond is built, fill the fertile soil 35-40 cm thick as the living layer of lotus root and apply base fertilizer, then divide the house tile, cement board, plastic board, gypsum-asbestos tile or other hard board into a small grid of 2-4 square meters. The partition is buried in the soil by 40 cm, 20 cm above the ground, and the height of the partition is 60-70 cm. The lotus root pond is cross-set into the drain and installed with fish nets. And set up a "-" or "+" type fish ditch in the pond, which is 1.0 meters wide and 0.5-1.0 meters deep, accounting for about 15% of the pond area. Practice has proved that the yield of lotus root is low, although the box is small, the one-time input is large, but the yield is very high.

3. Applying sufficient basic fertilizer: Lotus root likes big fertilizer, and rich backfill and manure are the key to obtain high yield of lotus root. Fertilization should be based on basic fertilizer, supplemented by topdressing, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. The mu uses about 2000 kg of fully fermented organic fertilizer, 10kg / mu of ammonium sulfate, 5kg / mu of urea, 3kg / mu of potassium nitrate and 5kg / mu of superphosphate. Chemical fertilizer should be sprinkled with water and avoid sprinkling it directly into the fish ditch as far as possible to avoid harming the fish. After applying base fertilizer, 50 kg raw lime pulp per mu was sprinkled evenly in the whole pool to improve the soil, increase the amount of calcium fertilizer, adjust the acidity and alkalinity of pond mud, and at the same time kill diseases and prevent and treat diseases.

Construction technology of format pool

Building a good lotus root pond is the key to the production of lotus root. Generally, it is necessary to choose a place with sufficient water source, convenient drainage and irrigation, and no tall shelter to plant. We should according to their own reality, as long as they can irrigate, the lotus root pond can be semi-underground as far as possible, in order to reduce earthwork, the operation process is as follows.

1. Build cement slabs: take a lotus root pond of 500 square meters as an example, it is best to use the form of 25 meters × 20 meters, and 240 cement slabs of 0.5 meters × 0.8 meters × 0.04 meters are needed. Each board needs 10 jin of cement, 30 jin of stone and 20 jin of sand.

2. Build the surrounding wall of the pool: according to the selected location, draw a line around the pool, determine the size of the pool, dig 40 cm from the ground, then hit the wall layer by layer with electric rammer, beat the wall 40 cm above the ground (80 cm in total), take soil from the pool, and then paste the cement slab according to the angle required for the construction of the pool (60 degrees between the slope and the horizontal plane). The slope should be smooth and strong.

3, the bottom of the shop and the four walls of the pool paste cement board: the bottom of the shop should reduce earthwork as much as possible, and the bottom can be laid in blocks, assuming that the lotus root pond of 50 meters × 10 meters can be divided into two pieces of paving, which can measure 5 meters wide on one side of the pool, dig 40 centimeters down, turn the soil to both sides, and keep the bottom of the pool at a basic level, mixed with 12 jin / square meter of white ash and soil, about 10 centimeters, tamped with electricity. Then paste the concrete board on the wall and wipe the gap. When the bottom of the pool is too dry, you should first sprinkle a layer of water to moisturize it, and then wipe the bottom according to the proportion of 100 jin of cement mixed with 500 jin of sand, with a thickness of 2.5 cm. After the mortar surface is basically solidified, then use the same method to complete the other half of the pool. Pay attention to handle the joint well to prevent leakage, and cover the joint with woven bag or film. Remove the cement surface after treatment to prevent soil invasion. This method does not dig fish ditches, but it is necessary to dig fish ditches if you want to mix them.

4. Irrigation construction: after the bottom of the pool is hardened, the soil in the pool is leveled, and all kinds of organic and inorganic fertilizers needed for lotus root growth are mixed with the soil, the thickness can be controlled at 35 cm, and then irrigated, the water surface can be 2-3 cm higher than the ground in the pool, and then people can step back and forth in the pool several times to prevent water leakage at the bottom, and then insert the tiles into the soil to form a square of 2 meters by 2 meters. Then pour water and wait for the seeds to be sown.

5, pool construction materials and construction cost: cement board: 0.5m × 0.8m × 0.04m, 240pieces (2 yuan / block); cement: 4 tons (reference price 190yuan / ton); lime: 3 tons (reference price 90 yuan / ton); sand: 14 cubic meters (reference price 10 yuan / cubic meter); geared tiles: 1800 pieces (reference price 0.1yuan / block); total: 1830.00 yuan.

Pond lotus root cultivation

1. Selection of seed lotus root: it is appropriate to choose high-quality white lotus root which is fresh, sturdy, vigorous, fine, disease-free and injury-free. Each kind of lotus root had better have three complete lotus roots and 1 or 2 seed lotus roots, but the seed lotus roots should be stout, with at least 2 or more fully mature lotus roots and complete terminal buds. The lotus root seeds can be soaked in 20 mg / kg NAA for 40 minutes, propagated with plastic film, and planted 15 days later, the lotus root can be put on the market earlier and the yield can be increased by more than 15%.

2. Planting time: when the temperature rises to more than 12: 15 ℃. If the temperature is low too early, the lotus root is easy to rot; if the bud grows too late, it is easy to break. Shandong Province is generally suitable for planting before and after the Qingming Festival.

3. Method and dosage: first, the soil and manure in the lotus root pond are evenly raked and fine, and the thickness can be controlled at 35 cm to 40 cm, and then irrigated. After irrigation, the method can be used to step back and forth in the pool several times to prevent water leakage at the bottom of the pond. Then insert the room tile or other partition into the soil to form a square of 2 square meters (2 × 2 square meters) to plant lotus root. Plant lotus root in the pond with 1 branch of seed lotus root or 2 branches of seed lotus root every 2 square meters, with a general seed consumption of 320-380 kg per mu. When planting lotus root, the bud tip is slightly lower, and the rear part is slightly warped, tilting at 20-30 degrees and 5-8 centimeters above the ground plane, which happens to be the depth of water for the first time.

Fish stocking

1. Stocking time: generally, when the water temperature is stable at 8: 10 ℃, the catfish with leather beard should be released when the water temperature is above 15 ℃.

2. Stocking species: generally speaking, all fish that can be cultured in ponds can be cultured in lotus root fields, mainly grass, silver carp, bighead carp, common carp, crucian carp, bream, etc., in addition, fast-growing fish such as catfish and Pengze crucian carp are good species for lotus root field culture. Due to the poor light, low temperature and less plankton in the water surface of the lotus root field, the main fish culture should not choose filter-feeding silver carp and bighead carp.

3. Stocking density: according to fish species, stocking specifications, water quality and water source status and management level, the general stocking of large size fish fingerling is 200 million / mu, and that of leather moustache catfish is 600 million / mu.

4. Collocation proportion: the stocking proportion of fish species is generally grass carp 70%, carp 15%, silver carp and bighead carp 5%, other 10%; or carp 70%, grass carp 15%, silver carp 10%, bighead carp 5%. Lei Hu Zi catfish, Pengze crucian carp and so on should be reared singly. It is worth noting that large grass carp species should not be released before the lotus root grows two vertical leaves, so as to prevent grass carp from eating the lotus root leaves.

Management technology

1. Water level regulation: in spring, in order to improve the water temperature and ground temperature, the water level should be shallower, which can be maintained at about 10 centimeters. Later, with the increase of water temperature, the water level will gradually deepen, and the deepest water level in the fish ditch can reach 0.8-1.0 meters.

2. Reasonable topdressing: in the lotus leaf growing land, 10 kg of ammonium sulfate is applied per mu, or 5 kg of urea is applied. When the termination leaves appeared, 5kg of urea, 10kg of superphosphate or 20kg of potash fertilizer were applied per mu.

3. Weeding and picking leaves: in the growth process of lotus root, especially in the early growth stage, there are many weeds, which need to be removed in time. In the middle of management, we should also often thinning leaves and breaking too many buds to make the sun penetrate into the water.

4. Feed feeding: in order to make fish grow rapidly and obtain higher yield, it is necessary to feed reasonable formula feed and feed animal viscera such as chicken intestines when raising leather-bearded catfish to ensure that fish can eat fresh, high-quality and adequate feed in time.

5. Disease control: Lotus root diseases mainly include rot, leaf blight, brown spot and so on. Rot disease: putting an appropriate amount of quicklime into the pond before cultivation can play a preventive role, or 80% of Dysen zinc wettable powder 600 × 800 times solution can be directly sprayed; leaf blight: 50% topiramate 800 times solution at the initial stage of the disease, 2 times in a row; Brown spot: control of the same leaf blight; diseases and insect pests: mainly aphids, striped moths, ground maggots, etc., aphids can be sprayed with 40% dimethoate emulsion 1500 × 2000 times solution Spodoptera litura can be sprayed at night with 1000 times solution of crystal trichlorfon, and maggots can be sprayed evenly with 3 kg of carbofuran and 30 kg of fine soil per mu.