Prevention and treatment of multiple diseases in autumn and winter in pigs

With the advent of autumn and winter, the occurrence of pig disease is obviously different from the epidemic and summer. First of all, due to the decline of air temperature, the incidence of viral diseases has greatly increased (such as swine influenza, transmissible gastroenteritis, classical swine fever, swine foot-and-mouth disease, etc.). The increase of feeding density and poor ventilation lead to the frequent occurrence of respiratory diseases (such as respiratory disease syndrome, porcine asthma, blue ear disease, etc.). With the occurrence of the above-mentioned diseases, many new characteristics have appeared in the epidemic of pig disease in recent years. This paper gives a brief introduction to several major diseases that often occur in autumn and winter in recent years.

(1) Swine flu

Swine influenza, or swine influenza, is an acute and highly contacting respiratory disease of pigs caused by swine influenza virus (SIV) of the orthomyxovirus family. It is characterized by rapid onset, cough, dyspnea, fever, exhaustion and rapid recovery. Pigs of different ages, genders and breeds are susceptible to the disease, and the sources of infection are diseased pigs and infected pigs. It often occurs in late autumn, cold winter and early spring, showing an endemic epidemic. The disease is often caused by sudden changes in climate, dark and humid pig houses, crowded pigs, malnutrition, and infection of internal and external parasitic diseases. If the disease is not managed properly during the onset period, bronchitis, pneumonia and pleurisy are easy to occur, which increases the fatality rate of pigs, so attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of this disease.

1. Clinical symptoms

The incidence of the disease is high, the incubation period is 2-7 days, and the course of the disease is about one week. Usually 24 hours after the appearance of the first diseased pig, most pigs in the herd show symptoms at the same time, such as fever (40.5-41.7 ℃), anorexia, dullness, crowding, burnout, exhaustion, etc. Some pigs also have dyspnea, runny nose and eye conjunctiva flushing. When there were no complications, most of the diseased pigs were treated with hypothermia and often recovered spontaneously in about 1 week. If the resistance of diseased pigs decreases, secondary infection of other pathogens, such as Pasteurella multocida, streptococcus, Toxoplasma gondii, Eperythrozoon, etc., will aggravate the disease and often lead to death.

two。 Prevention and control

At present, there is no specific treatment for swine flu, the key is to strengthen feeding management, such as heat preservation, avoid the invasion of thieves, provide adequate and clean drinking water, pay attention to nutritional balance, supplement vitamins and trace elements, and improve the resistance of pigs. Antiviral drugs such as amantadine, ribavirin, tea polyphenols and antibiotics such as Zhiyuanjing, tetracyclines, penicillins or other drugs can be added to the feed to control concurrent or secondary infection. The most effective way to prevent swine flu is to vaccinate susceptible pigs against swine flu. At present, the main vaccines on the market are inactivated vaccines and subunit vaccines containing H1N1 and / or H3N2. After inoculation, it has a good preventive effect on influenza virus infection of the same serotype.

(2) transmissible gastroenteritis

Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis is an acute and highly contagious infectious disease caused by porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus of coronavirus. it is characterized by vomiting, severe diarrhea and high mortality of piglets caused by dehydration. Diseased pigs and infected pigs are the main sources of transmission of the disease. Pigs of all ages can be infected, and the incidence and mortality of suckling piglets under 10 days old are the highest, and the mortality decreases steadily with the increase of age. Other animals are not susceptible to the disease. The occurrence of this disease has obvious seasonality, and it is prevalent in the cold season of winter and spring in China. In the newly infected pig herd, almost all pigs can be infected, but it is endemic in the old epidemic area.

1. Clinical symptoms

The incubation period of the disease is very short, usually 12-18 hours. After infection of piglets less than 2 weeks old, vomiting followed by severe watery or paste diarrhea occurs in 12-24 hours, and the feces are yellow, often sandwiched with undigested milk curdling, stench, rapid weight loss, obvious dehydration, and generally die in 2-7 days. The mortality rate of piglets aged 2-3 weeks was 100%, and the mortality rate was 10-80%. Two days after infection, weanling pigs developed disease, showing watery diarrhea, jet-like feces, gray or brown feces, individual pigs vomiting, diarrhea stopped after 5-8 days, little death, but weight loss, often showed dysplasia, and became stiff pigs. Individual sows in close contact with sick piglets will have more serious clinical symptoms, such as elevated body temperature, loss of appetite, cessation of lactation, watery diarrhea, yellowish green, egg gray or brown, mixed with air bubbles, and rarely died.

two。 Prevention

Strengthening the feeding and management is the key to prevent the disease, especially in the cold season, pay attention to keep warm, keep the pig house dry, clean and hygienic. Immunoprophylaxis is also an important aspect of controlling the disease. Piglets can be protected by vaccination with attenuated porcine transmissible gastroenteritis vaccine or inactivated bacteria two or half a month before parturition. Transmissible gastroenteritis vaccine can also be injected into the whole breeding pig from October to November every year.

3. Treatment

There is no specific treatment for this disease. Once the disease is found, it should be strictly isolated and disinfected immediately. The following drugs are often used for disinfection: 1% caustic soda solution, 10% bleach solution, 10% lime milk, 20% hot plant ash water and 0.5% 2% formaldehyde solution. During the illness, a large number of supplement of glucose and sodium chloride solution (friendly hint: the use of Vikang quality is better), the supply of a large amount of clean water and digestible feed can accelerate the recovery of larger diseased pigs and reduce the death of piglets. Oral administration of tetracycline, chloramphenicol, sulfonamide, furacilin, berberine and potassium permanganate can prevent secondary infection and alleviate symptoms. Once the disease occurs in large-scale pig farms, after leading research, undelivered sows and older pigs can be artificially infected to shorten the time of onset, improve the level of antibody in sow colostrum and passively protect piglets. However, this method is in danger of spreading virulence. Therefore, it must be carried out cautiously when there are no other infectious diseases in pig farms.

(3) foot-and-mouth disease

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