Early control of soybean diseases
If soybean wants to get high yield, it is mainly to solve the problems of "seed, water, fertilizer and light". The cultivation technique of "deep, narrow and dense" is a cultivation model with comprehensive high-yield techniques based on this principle. It takes the selection of dwarf varieties as the breakthrough, the air suction seeder and the general machine as the carrier, combined with "deep" (that is, deep loosening, deep fertilization and layered fertilization), "narrow" (that is, narrow row), "dense" (that is, increasing planting density). It is a cultivation technique with large-scale seeder as carrier.
"species" means to select varieties with super-high yield potential and to understand the external conditions required by varieties to achieve high yield.
"Water" means water, which is the water supply to soybean production. Under the condition of dry farming (no irrigation), water is regulated mainly through two aspects: one is to improve soil conditions, through tillage techniques such as subsoiling techniques to increase soil storage capacity; the other is to adopt some soil moisture conservation techniques, such as less tillage techniques to reduce mechanical access to the field.
"Fertilizer" is a reasonable determination of fertilizer application amount, fertilization time, fertilization method and so on according to the fertilizer demand and cultivation characteristics of soybean. The maximum nutrient absorption period of soybean is the flowering and pod stage, so in order to solve the problem of fertilizer demand of soybean at the flowering and pod stage, it can be solved by deep fertilization and foliar fertilizer.
"Light" is the use of light energy. It is estimated that the light energy utilization rate of 225 kg per mu of soybean is only 0.85%. If it can be increased to 3%, then the yield of soybean can be increased to 794 kg / mu. The utilization rate of light energy in production is mainly reflected in the population density, which can be increased by reducing the row spacing and expanding the plant spacing.
The main techniques of soybean "deep narrow dense" cultivation model include: 1. Select suitable dwarf and semi-dwarf lodging resistant varieties, and the selected varieties should not mature too early; 2. The plough layer of soil should have a deep and loose tillage foundation, and the good tillage conditions of deep plough layer, flat surface and fine broken soil should be achieved. 3. The best planting density can be determined according to variety, soil, row spacing, etc., generally 30, 000 ~ 33000 plants / mu, the sowing amount of high fertility plots can be reduced by about 10%, and the sowing amount of poor fertility plots should be increased by about 10%. 4. Rational fertilization, first of all, to increase the application of farm fertilizer, the application of chemical fertilizer should be a scientific combination of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, farm fertilizer and chemical fertilizer should be deep application, layered application, at the same time combined with late growth spraying foliar fertilizer. In addition, those with better planting conditions can adopt mechanical horizontal sowing (row spacing is 30cm to 35cm) or double precision sowing (average row spacing is 15cm to 17.5cm). Low-lying areas are suitable to adopt the "deep, narrow and dense" cultivation mode of wide platform (large ridge).
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Key techniques of sowing soybean
1. What key techniques should be mastered in sowing soybean? 1. Choose a place. Soybean should not be selected for continuous cropping, otherwise it is easy to produce diseases and insect pests. After the land is selected, it should be raked up so that the plough layer is soft and the surface is smooth. two。 Seed selection. The varieties suitable for planting in Tiandong are: Beijing beans, Yishan Liula, Guidou No.1, dwarf beans, Binyang small green beans, local soybeans and so on. All localities can choose according to local conditions. Before sowing, choose uniform size, large and full seeds, and dry the seeds. 3. Sow seeds. Early soybeans are sown from the end of February to mid-March
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Chemical control and management technology of protecting flowers and increasing pods of soybean
1. The application of rare earth elements, also known as rare earth micro-fertilizer or rare earth nitrate, is a new type of rare earth element fertilizer pioneered and popularized in China. In the seedling stage and the first flowering stage of soybean, spraying rare earth solution with concentrations of 0.03% and 0.08% respectively can increase grain protein content by 5.9%, fat content by 8.5%, and increase yield by 15%. 20%. 2. Paclobutrazol (paclobutrazol), also known as chlorbutrazol (PP333), is a new type of plant growth.
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