Sowing technology of soybean

1. Soil preparation:

(1) soil preparation before sowing: soil preparation before sowing includes soil tillage, raking, pressing, etc. Due to the use of different land preparation techniques, the work of land preparation before sowing is also different. Such as turning over, ridge cultivation, raking stubble, deep loosening and so on.

(2) pre-sowing irrigation: for plots with poor soil moisture, if there are irrigation conditions, you can irrigate once 1-2 days before sowing and soak the soil to facilitate seed germination after sowing.

(3) closed weeding before sowing: some large farms in the main soybean producing areas in Northeast China have a large soybean cultivation area. If the management is not timely, the weeds will be seriously harmed. Herbicides are often sprayed mechanically before sowing to carry out closed weeding in the field. Herbicides such as trifluralin and rasol can be sprayed before sowing. Trifluralin can effectively control 1-year-old Gramineae weeds and some 1-year-old broad-leaved grasses. Usually apply trifluralin 135 with a concentration of 48% per mu before sowing. Add 15 liters of water to the grid and spray the soil surface with a tractor hanging sprayer.

two。 Selected seeds: seeds with good sowing quality, high germination rate and germination potential, neat and strong seedlings. Therefore, diseased grains, moth-eaten grains, small grains, blighted grains and broken grains should be picked out before sowing. At the same time, according to the inherent typical characteristics of this variety, such as grain shape, grain color, seed size, hilum size and color depth, the hybrid seeds of different varieties should be eliminated to improve the seed purity. The effect of artificial grain separation is very good. If a large amount of seed is used, the spiral soybean seed separator can be used. Its mechanical structure is simple and easy to move, so it is suitable for professional soybean planting households. The cleanliness of the selection is more than 97% and the purity is more than 98%.

3. Seed test and germination test: the selected seeds should determine the grain weight and do the germination rate test before sowing. These two tasks are the basis for calculating the sowing rate. Three selected seeds were randomly sampled, and 100 seeds were randomly selected from each sample. The 100 seeds of the variety were weighed and the average number was calculated. Its unit is expressed in grams. Determination of seed germination rate: 100 seeds each of the above 3 parts were put into 3 small butterflies or germination dishes and covered with papyrus or river sand. Add water to the thin water layer, then place the seeds evenly in a warm place of about 20 ℃ (next to the stove or in the incubator) to absorb water and sprout. After 5-7 days, the number of seeds with normal root germination was calculated, and the average of the three samples was the germination rate of the seed. The germination rate is more than 95%.

4. Seed treatment: in order to control seedling diseases and insect pests such as grubs, ground tigers, root maggots, root rot, etc., the commonly used seed amount is 0.1% carbendazim or 0.7% carbendazim powder or 0.3% carbendazim plus thiram (1:1). Or mix seeds with 0.3% carbendazim 0.5% carbendazim (1:1). When the seed dressing with chemical agent and aluminate hinge micro-fertilizer is carried out at the same time, it should be carried out after the seed is dried. Pay attention to the use of rhizobium mixed with seeds, can not be mixed with pesticides and fungicides.

5. Determination of sowing rate:

The first step is to convert the 100-grain weight of a variety into the number of grains per kilogram. If the 100-grain weight of a variety is 20g, the number of grains per kilogram is: 100g * 1000 g / 20g = 5000.

The second step is to calculate the number of seeds per 667 square meters. The number of seedlings per 667 square meters is calculated according to the actual situation, and then according to the local farming conditions and management level, plus a certain amount of loss rate (such as the loss caused by machinery, people, animals in the process of field management and artificial seedlings), the general field loss rate can be calculated as 15% to 20%. The planned number of seedlings per unit area plus the loss rate in the field is the number of sown seeds per 667 square meters (1 mu). If a variety plans to protect 25000 seedlings per 667m2, and the field loss rate is estimated to be 20%, the number of seeds sown per 667m2 is: 25000 + 25000m2 20% 30000.

The third step is to calculate the sowing amount per 667 square meters. The formula is as follows: sowing amount per 667 square meters (kg) = number of seeds per 667 square meters / (seeds per kilogram * germination rate). For example, it is planned to sow 30000 seeds per 667m2, the number of seeds per kilogram has been measured to be 5000, and the germination rate has been measured to be 95%. Generation formula: sowing rate per 667 square meters: 30000 / (50000.95) = 6.3 (kg).

6. Reasonable close planting: there is a close relationship between planting density and yield. The so-called reasonable close planting means to correctly handle the relationship between the individual and the group under the local and specific conditions at that time, so that the group can be developed to the maximum extent and the individual can be fully developed, and the light energy and soil power per unit area can be fully utilized; under the same cultivation conditions, the best economic benefits can be obtained. Therefore, a suitable density is not immutable, and we cannot simply say that "fertile land should be sparse and thin land should be dense". The following factors should be taken into account:

(1) Variety: the luxuriant degree of the variety, such as plant height, number of branches and leaf size, is closely related to the density. Where the plant is tall, more branches, plant type development, large leaf type varieties, planting density should be small; plant short, poor luxuriant varieties, or higher plants, but less branches, plant type convergence varieties, it is appropriate to use higher density.

(2) Fertilizer and water conditions: when the fertilizer and water conditions of the same variety are better, the plant growth should be luxuriant and the density should be small; on the contrary, if the fertilizer and water conditions are poor, the density should be higher. The results showed that soil fertility and fertilization level were closely related to planting density.

Previous page [1] [2] next page