Cultivation techniques of Film mulching between large ridges and upward ridges of Soybean

Heilongjiang Province is the main soybean producing area in China, its planting area accounts for 7% of the country's total output, accounting for 11% of the country's total output. In the process of soybean production and development, Heilongjiang reclamation area has vigorously promoted scientific and technological innovation, which has greatly improved the per unit area yield and total yield of soybean. From 2001 to 2005, the average yield per hectare reached 2531.7kg, and in 2005, the average yield per mu of soybean reached 178kg, which reached or close to that of advanced countries in the world.

The cultivation technique of plastic film mulching between the upward rows of large ridges of soybean means that the row spacing is 130cm, the ridge is covered with 60cm film, and the seedling belts on both sides of the film are planted within the film 5cm and their corresponding cultivation techniques. This technique is on the basis of summarizing and absorbing soybean interrow plastic film mulching, soybean three-ridge cultivation techniques, soybean "deep narrow dense" cultivation techniques, and in view of the ecological characteristics of uneven precipitation during the growth period of soybean, the high-yield cultivation model is formed. The average yield per mu of film-mulched soybean is up to 225kg, which is more than 30% higher than that of non-film-mulched soybean.

I. theoretical basis

For high-yield cultivation techniques, "improved variety and good method" is only an effective way to transform soybean from low yield to middle yield. There are three conditions for high yield of soybean: first, there is no variety with great potential to increase yield, and no matter how superior the technology or environment is, it can not get high yield. Second, ecological or environmental conditions, good environmental conditions, can meet the requirements of the outside world for high quality and high yield of soybean, can obtain high yield and high quality, but can not be obtained if the environmental condition is not good. The main ecological conditions that affect the yield and quality of soybean are water, temperature, fertilizer and light. Third, cultivation techniques and cultivation measures, cultivation techniques actually include cultivation models and cultivation measures, a cultivation technique and cultivation model should have its own characteristics, in fact, it is under certain ecological conditions, change and improve some ecological factors that do not accord with the high quality and high yield growth ecological factors of soybean, and finally achieve the goal of high yield and high quality.

II. Main technical measures

1. Soil preparation in autumn and autumn, wet soil preparation is strictly prohibited. For the land without deep loose foundation, the depth of deep loosening is more than 35cm, and for the land with deep loose foundation, rake stubble or rotary ploughing, rake stubble density 15~18cm, rotary tillage depth 14~16cm. Autumn 130cm big ridge, ridge width 80cm, and repression.

2. Selection of varieties with high quality, high yield, strong stress resistance and normal maturity in the local area.

3. The plastic film with thickness of 0.01mm and width of 60cm is selected.

4. During the sowing period, when the soil 5~10cm soil temperature stably passes through 5 ℃, the seeds can be sown in the eastern part of Heilongjiang from April 25 to May 1, and in the north from April 28 to May 5.

5. The planting density follows the principle of sparse fertile land and dense thin land, with 22 ~ 260000 seedlings per hectare.

6. The sowing method is 2BM~3 film mulching general ploughing machine or 2BM-1 film mulching general ploughing machine, single seedling outside the ridge film with air absorption quantity on demand, seedling belt distance film 2~3cm, do not exceed 5cm. Complete fertilization, touching, sowing, suppression and other operations at one time.

7. The standard film mulching is straight, the deviation of 100 meters is not more than 5cm, and the soil is pressed on each lOcm on both sides. In the eastern region, the soil is pressed laterally on the film at an interval of 10 to 20 m, and in the western region, the soil is pressed horizontally on the film at an interval of 1.3 to 1.4 m to prevent the strong wind from lifting the film.

8. The standard sowing quantity is accurate, and the positive and negative error is less than 1%. Sow to the end and to the edge.

9. Applying N, P, K pure 120~150kg per hectare, N ∶ P ∶ K was 1 ∶ 1.5 ∶ 0.6 in black land and 1 ∶ 1.2 ∶ 0.6 in white pulp land. Layer-by-side deep fertilization was used. The fertilizer of 10cm under the seed film was applied to the seed side. The fertilizer of 5cm under the seed film was applied to the 7~12cm under the seed film.

Foliar topdressing was carried out at the early flowering stage, grain filling stage and early podding stage of soybean, and the reference formula was urea 4.5kg and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.25kg per hectare. The first round of locomotives or aviation can be used, and the second and third times are mainly aeronautical, with accurate measurement, sufficient liquid injection, no weight and no leakage.

10. The main way of chemical weed control is soil treatment before sowing, supplemented by stem and leaf treatment. Before sowing, soil treatment and stem and leaf treatment should select the variety and amount of pesticide according to the species of weeds and the soil conditions at that time. The sprayer can be used for stem and leaf treatment to apply pesticide with seedling belt. The amount of spraying was 150L / ha for soil treatment and 150L / ha for stem and leaf treatment. Herbicides such as Jindur, isopropachlor, and Acetochlor (90% Acetochlor) can be selected for soil treatment. For post-seedling treatment, herbicides such as Jinganshu, dimethylethidine and quizalofop can be selected.

11. Intermediate ploughing management ploughed 3 times during the growth period of soybean. The first intertillage of soybean was carried out with the depth of 15~18cm, or deep pine 18~20cm in the furrow, so that the furrow and ridge should have a thicker living soil layer, the second intertillage was carried out when two soybean leaves were compound, the depth was 8cm 12cm, and the third time was before ridge sealing, the depth was 8~12cm.

12. when the chemical regulation of soybean growth is too exuberant, chemical control agents such as paclobutrazol and triiodobenzoic acid should be selected in the early flowering stage to prevent lodging in the later stage.

13. Recovery of residual film before sealing ridges of soybean, all the films will be removed and recycled to prevent pollution. Ploughing was carried out between the rows covered with plastic film.

Matters needing attention

It is not suitable to choose late-maturing varieties, but to choose varieties that can mature normally in the local area. The planting density should be controlled at about 250000 plants per hectare. Soybean interrow film mulching technology should be applied in arid areas or dry years, but it is not easy to be applied in land with sufficient water. The membrane with high tensile strength should be selected to facilitate the recovery of the membrane and not pollute the environment.