Honeysuckle (Ⅰ): Cultivation Techniques of Chinese Medicinal Materials of Flowers

Honeysuckle is mainly produced in Henan Province and Shandong Province, and distributed in most parts of the country.

Growth habits honeysuckle grows in hills, valleys, forest edge. It likes mild and humid environment, and its growth temperature is between 20℃ and 30℃. Cold-resistant, drought-tolerant, lax on soil requirements, acid soil, saline-alkali soil can grow. After 3 years of planting, the flowers gradually increased, 7 years later, the high yield period gradually declined after 20 years, and it needed to be renewed.

Cultivation technology selection of land preparation: seedling land should be selected loose fertile, irrigation convenient plots, sandy soil is appropriate. After selecting the soil, deeply turn the soil more than 30 cm, apply sufficient base fertilizer, level and rake fine, and then make high beds with a width of 1.2~1.5 meters. Planting land can choose barren slope, edge of the ground, ditch side, scattered plots in front of and behind houses. Deep ploughing soil, applying sufficient base fertilizer, applying organic fertilizer 2500~3000 kg and calcium superphosphate 50 kg per mu, leveling and harrowing fine to make high ridge or high ridge planting. Propagation methods: mainly cuttage propagation, seed propagation and sub-plant, layering propagation can also be used. Cuttage propagation is divided into direct cuttage and cuttage seedling, spring, summer and autumn can be carried out. Select 1~2 years old healthy branches, cut about 30 cm long cuttings, at least 3 nodes. Then pick the lower leaves, leave the upper 2~4 leaves, cut the lower end near the node into an inclined plane, tie every 50 roots into a small bundle, dip the lower end with 500 times solution of indole butyric acid (IBA) for 5~10 seconds, and immediately carry out cuttage after drying slightly. if the cuttings are directly planted, holes are dug according to the row spacing of 150 cm ×150 cm or 170 cm ×170 cm on the well planted ground, the hole diameter and depth are 40 cm respectively, fully decomposed manure or compost is applied to each hole 5 - 10 kg, then the cuttings are evenly spread, 3 - 5 cuttings are inserted into each hole, the depth of the cuttings is 1/2 - 2/3, fine soil is filled and compacted after insertion, water is poured thoroughly, the soil is kept moist, and the cuttings can take root and germinate in about one month; If cuttage seedlings, in the leveling rake fine cutting bed, according to row spacing 15~20 cm line, every 7~10 cm insert a cuttage, compaction, watering thoroughly. Early spring low temperature cutting, cutting bed to build arched shed, covered with film, heat preservation and moisture. Spring cuttings were planted in winter of the same year or spring of the following year; summer and autumn cuttings were planted in spring of the following year. Plant propagation was carried out in the first and middle of February when the stems and vines had not sprouted. A part of plants were dug out from the lush honeysuckle plants and transplanted. The plant spacing was the same as that of direct cutting. The advantage of ramet propagation is that the new plant blooms early and grows luxuriantly, but the disadvantage is that it affects the yield of mother plant flowers and has low reproductive coefficient. The layering propagation is carried out in late summer and early autumn when there is more rain. The vigorous stems and vines are pressed on the ground, and the soil (about 5 cm thick) is pressed every 3~4 nodes. After 20~30 days of new roots, the stems and vines can be cut off to become seedlings alone. Seed propagation is carried out in October. When the berries of honeysuckle turn black, they are harvested in time, then placed in clear water to rub, float off pericarp and impurities, fish out seeds, and dry for later use. Spring sowing seeds can be soaked in warm water at 40℃ for 12~24 hours before sowing, then mixed with fine sand for stratification and germination, and sown when about 50% of seeds are exposed. 3 - 5 cm deep furrows shall be opened on the whole ridge according to the row spacing of 20 cm, the sowing width shall be 10 cm, the seeds shall be evenly scattered into the furrows, the ridge surface shall be leveled, the grass shall be covered to keep the soil moist, and the seedlings shall emerge in about 10 days. After the seedlings are complete, the covered grass is removed and the seedbed management is carried out. In autumn and winter of the same year or spring of the following year, the nursery is planted.