Cultivation of sexual Gastrodia elata at low altitude
In nature, the distribution and cultivation area of Gastrodia elata is more than 700 meters above sea level. Gastrodia elata blossoms and bears fruit in mid-late June, and the sexual seeds sown can only grow to 4cm in that year. For example, when sexual Gastrodia elata seeds are cultivated at a low altitude of about 200 meters, Gastrodia elata blossoms and bears fruit in the first and middle of May, and the seeds sown can grow to 6cm and 8cm that year. Over the years, we have cultivated sexual Gastrodia elata in a large area at a low altitude of 100 meters, planted at a high altitude, and achieved good benefits.
1. The picking and transplanting time of Arrow hemp. First, in November, select more than 150 grams of arrow hemp with full shape, normal shape and no disease and insect pests. When loaded into boxes or baskets, one layer of arrow hemp, a layer of fillings (fresh moss, wet leaves, etc.), to prevent damage to arrow hemp. It is best to dig while packing, transported to low-altitude places, timely transplant storage; second, in late February or early March to dig arrow hemp, and then transported to low-altitude places for transplanting. When picking and transplanting arrow hemp in spring, we should pay attention to two points: first, the temperature should be above zero; second, the time should not exceed March 20.
2. Transplanting and management. The compartment is 60 cm wide and unlimited in length. Between the compartments, 40 mi 50 cm is left as the pedestrian pollination path. The ground floor is first covered with 2 Mel 3 cm fine sand, then the arrow hemp is placed on it, and then covered with about 10 cm fine sand. If transplanting outdoors, you should pay attention to setting windproof measures, or use bamboo poles and wooden stakes on both sides of the arrow hemp to prevent it from bolting, growing tall, blooming and being blown down by the wind when bearing fruit. Management after transplanting. 1) keep the sand bed moist; 2) the environment is ventilated and clean; 3) prevent rodent and insect pests.
3. Pollination and fruit collection. Arrow hemp, which was transplanted at an altitude of 100 meters, emerged in early April, flowered in mid-late April, and fruit matured in the first and middle of May. Pollination of Gastrodia elata is effective within 3 days after flowering, but early or timely pollination should be advocated, preferably on the same day. The air humidity of Gastrodia elata during pollination should be kept at 70 / 80%. The fruit can be picked 20 days after pollination.
4. The destination and treatment of the fruit after picking. At 100m above sea level, the temperature is already higher in the first and middle of May, especially in sunny days when the temperature can reach 20Mel 25 ℃. Therefore, there are four destinations or treatments after fruit picking:
1) quickly sow seeds at higher elevations
2) the seeds of Gastrodia elata were mixed into the germinating bacteria and preserved. After the seeds and germinating bacteria are mixed, two points should be paid attention to: one is to be ventilated and put in a cool and dry place. Second, it should not be placed for more than 5 days, and the seeds should be sown at a high altitude immediately.
3) the picked Gastrodia elata fruits were stored in refrigerator (4 ±℃) for 7 days.
4) sowing seeds on the spot.
If you sow sexual Gastrodia elata seeds at an altitude of about 100 meters, you should also cultivate the branches or materials of Armillaria mellea two months in advance. After sowing, the main management is to keep moisture and prevent the temperature from getting too high. The temperature in the cultivation bed was controlled below 28 ℃ in mid-late July and early-mid-August. Otherwise, medicine should be sprayed around the cultivation field regularly to prevent and control diseases and insect pests.
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Management of Gastrodia elata cultivation in summer and autumn
In summer and autumn, Gastrodia elata enters a period of exuberant growth and maturity, and it is also a key period of production management of Gastrodia elata. 1. The gutter drains moisture. When Gastrodia elata enters the vigorous growth period, it is necessary to check whether the drainage ditch of the cultivation site is stagnant and unblocked. The water content of the soil can be as low as 65%. The three months of July, August and September are the period when Gastrodia elata needs the most water. During this period, the drainage ditch must be checked and cleaned in time to avoid stagnant water. 2. Technical measures for covering moisturizing and cooling
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Three passes for storing Gastrodia elata in winter
First, collect customs. From late October to the end of November, root hemp seeds were harvested while commercial flax was harvested. The fresh, disease-free and injury-free flax was picked out and dried for 1-2 days and then concentrated for planting in the coming year. Second, the temperature is off. Put the hemp where some of the water vapor is dried out in wooden boxes, brick ponds or large tile pots according to levels. Cover each layer with moist sand, first cover the bottom with yellow sand, top with a layer of hemp seed, so repeat 4-5 layers. The storage temperature should be controlled at 2-5 degrees Celsius. The temperature cannot be changed.
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