Control of diseases and insect pests in Tianma cultivation period

Gastrodia elata is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. It is a special seed plant, which has no roots, no green leaves and can not be autotrophic. It must rely on Armillaria and its symbiosis to obtain nutrition and reproduction. Therefore, the cultivation of Gastrodia elata is different from planting green plants, we must grasp three links according to its growth law. The first is the cultivation of Armillaria mellea; the second is the selection and cultivation of Gastrodia elata; the third is the symbiotic cultivation of Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea. There is a chance of miscellaneous bacteria pollution in these three production links, and every step can not be done well, especially when the conditions are bad, it will cause the failure of Gastrodia elata cultivation.

There are two kinds of common diseases in Gastrodia elata cultivation, one is mold harm, the other is rot disease. When the continuous cropping of Gastrodia elata and poor permeability of water and air, the tuber will appear purple-brown disease spot. The prevention and control measures are as follows: (1) Sandy loam with good water permeability and good air permeability should be selected in the cultivation land, and not mature land, clay or waterlogged water accumulation land; (2) when cultivating or planting Gastrodia elata, the fungus infected by miscellaneous bacteria should be removed and used to keep the fungus pure; (3) when planting Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea, the gap between the fungus should be filled with sand (fill the dissatisfied place, leave a gap, rain will accumulate water, easy to give birth to miscellaneous bacteria) (4) increase the amount of bacteria (bacterial material) during planting to promote the exuberant growth of Armillaria mellea and inhibit the growth of miscellaneous bacteria.

Rot disease and its control: seed hemp is easily infected by miscellaneous bacteria due to insect pests, mechanical damage or in an unfavorable environment of high temperature and humidity. The prevention and control measures are as follows: (1) choose intact, non-lacerated and brightly colored white-headed hemp or rice hemp as provenance, and do not touch and sunburn during mining and transportation; (2) pay attention to adjusting temperature and humidity to provide the best conditions for the growth of Armillaria mellea, which has inhibited the growth of miscellaneous bacteria; (3) the culture material for planting Gastrodia elata had better be accumulated, disinfected and dried, so as to kill the internal insects, pupae and bacteria to reduce harm.

Gastrodia elata cultivation is a multi-link comprehensive production process, each link requires different environmental conditions, suitable environment, easy to cultivate success, otherwise, most of them have failed. Therefore, to cultivate Gastrodia elata, we should seriously study its requirements for environmental conditions and create the best conditions to promote its good growth and development. In addition, in the process of production, we should pay attention to increase the dominant population of Armillaria mellea, not only release more materials, but also ensure that the materials are good (at night, about 25 ℃, the hyphae and cords can emit fluorescence when oxygen is sufficient). Armillaria mellea of Gastrodia elata is a kind of fungus for both medicine and food. In order to prevent the infection of miscellaneous bacteria, the commonly used disinfectants are carbendazim and potassium permanganate. The environmental requirements for the growth and development of Armillaria mellea are as follows: (1) soil pH: ph55-56 is the best; (2) temperature: 6 Mel 30 ℃ can grow, but it can reproduce fastest at 18 ℃ 25 ℃, growth will stop when it exceeds 30 ℃, and 70 ℃ will die; (3) humidity: air relative humidity 80% 90%, soil moisture content 50 ℃ 70% the best growth (4) Air: good ventilation (a kind of aerobic fungus of Armillaria mellea, mycelium growth does not need too much air, but fungal growth needs good ventilation); (5) Light: not needed (can be cultivated in basements and air-raid shelters).