Production technology of sexual reproduction of Gastrodia elata

In recent years, in the production of Gastrodia elata in our county, we have adopted the technology of direct seeding sexual reproduction of Gastrodia elata seeds to replace the previous asexual reproduction cultivation method, which not only saves labor and time, increases the yield of farmers, but also reduces the amount of wood cutting. it is beneficial to the maintenance of hydraulic engineering in Tongbai Mountain area at the source of the Huaihe River, obtains double benefits and alleviates the contradiction between bacteria and forests. Because the sexual reproduction technology of Gastrodia elata uses branches, small wood and broad-leaved deciduous leaves of 3~6cm with stem diameter, seed hemp of about 4kg can be obtained for every 0.5m2 planting hole in that year, and 20kg can be obtained for each hole in the next winter, and the benefit per hole is about 400yuan, and the economic benefit is remarkable.

I. selection, retention and storage of seed flax

Arrow sprouts with full, fresh, fat, scar-free, pest-free and weight of about 200g were left in wild areas or artificial cultivation areas. After cooling and loss of epidermis moisture, they were stored for spring planting. Storage location, indoor and outdoor, the key is to prevent frost injury. The water content of medium-grained sand used in burying arrow hemp is about 20%. It would rather be dry than wet to prevent hemp seed from rotting. Choose places with good drainage, loose soil and shelter from the wind and sun in outdoor storage; indoor storage must be well ventilated; the size of burying hemp holes can be determined according to the amount of storage, generally outdoor 35cm deep strip kiln is suitable, indoor sandbox storage. During storage, the kiln bottom is covered with a layer of coarse sand and cinder mixture of about 10cm, then a layer of medium-grained sand is spread above, arrow hemp is placed with spacing 5cm on the sand layer, one layer is filled with back cover sand and then the second layer, so that you can put 2-3 layers, then cover fine sand soil 10cm, cover the surface with rice, wheat straw and other crop straw, protect against cold and keep warm, and regularly detect the water content of the covering material, and predict the section in time, in order to ensure the quality of hemp seed.

II. Cultivation and Management of Arrow Hemp

At present, it is a more practical method to cultivate hemp seed in greenhouse or arch shed. The greenhouse and arch shed can be built in imitation of vegetable shed, and the size can be determined according to the breeding scale. if a small amount of breeding is carried out by each household, a small arch shed can be used for breeding about 20 days before the local natural season. However, no matter which method is used for breeding, it is necessary to choose a place with high terrain, leeward to the sun and ventilation. The cultivation of flax seeds in greenhouse can mature more than one month ahead of schedule, which is beneficial to the high yield of early sowing (early May) and shorten the flax cycle. The cultivation of Arrow hemp mostly adopts the method of box cultivation. When planting, the mixture of coarse sand and cinder about 15cm is spread at the bottom of the box, and then the grain sand is spread on the mixed layer, and the "grade" shape is planted on the middle sand layer. The distance between the flax is more than 10cm. Do not touch the flax skin and arrow buds during operation, otherwise it is very easy to cause seed hemp to rot. After cultivation, the surface was covered with fine sand or sandy loam around 8cm. The management of arrow hemp after planting can start from the following aspects:

(1) the scape of Gastrodia elata under sunshade avoids direct sunlight. Direct light will cause the scape to blacken and cause lodging. The best way to shade is to pull a black shading net with a shading rate of 60% under the plastic film of the shed, and a small amount of breeding can use other materials to create a shading effect of 4% light and 6% shade.

(2) moisturizing Gastrodia elata bolting, flowering and fruiting in the high temperature period from April to July, the water loss of the culture medium is relatively large, so it is necessary to replenish the culture material in time to keep the substrate moist without water stains.

(3) the probability of fruiting the apical inflorescence of Gastrodia elata is low, so the apical "flower bud pile" should be removed after budding, which can not only reduce the loss of nutrients, but also make the whole capsule full and ensure the seed quality.

(4) the lodging-proof Gastrodia elata scape is hollow, with a weight of 200g and a height of about 1m, such as ventilation or overweight ears, it is very easy to break, so it is very important to fix the scape.

III. Artificial pollination technology

Due to the special structure of Gastrodia elata, the anther is covered by the drug cap, the drug cap will not fall off by itself, and the anther will not be distributed by itself, especially in greenhouse or arch shed breeding, there are few insect transmission activities, so artificial pollination must be carried out. Artificial pollination of Gastrodia elata must be carried out every day after the beginning of Gastrodia elata inflorescence. in order to ensure the success rate of pollination, the principle of opening one flower and giving one flower should be followed. The best pollination time is 9: 12 am, and the pollination will be finished no later than the next morning. During pollination, gently pinch the ovary in one hand and press the lip with a bamboo stick in the other, then pick out the anther block and place it accurately on the smooth stigma. Same or different flowers or different plants can be pollinated. Cross-pollination has strong heterosis and high yield. As long as artificial pollination is operated according to the rules, the success rate of pollination is generally more than 90%.

When the seed of Gastrodia elata is matured from bottom to top, gently pinched by hand, the seed is soft and the seed coat longitudinal crack line is about to crack, it shows that several capsules in the upper part of Gastrodia elata are also mature and should be harvested and set aside in time. The harvested seeds should be sowed as soon as they are harvested, and should be finished 3-4 days before the longitudinal crack line. If you can't finish sowing for a while, it's best to store it in a refrigerator about 4 ℃, and it's forbidden to expose the capsule. The seeds in the mature cucurbit fruit are soft and easy to withdraw, and the color is light grayish yellow. it is the best sowing time before the fruit is cracked, and the prematurely white seeds will not be spread; too late the seeds are brown and lose their germination rate. If the seeds are first sown in germinating bacteria and packed in plastic bags, the time of burrow sowing can be prolonged.

Fourth, prepare before handcuffing

Prepare 7-14 branches and wood segments of chestnut or other broad-leaved trees with 3~6cm in stem diameter, soak them with 0.25% ammonium nitrate for 24 hours after cutting, and cut fish scales at intervals of 15cm on each hole; each hole needs 200kg clean and pollution-free river sand, with medium and coarse sand thickness, and rinse river sand with clean water 2 hours before use; use 2kg of chestnut deciduous leaves in the previous year for each hole, soak in clean water for 4 hours before use, and drain excess water. Stem diameter 1.5cm and long 4~6cm small wood segment 3kg are used in each hole. In addition, each hole needs 1 bottle of high quality Armillaria mellea, 2 bottles of germinating bacteria and 16 capsules (about 16 double layers).

One of the key tasks before sowing is to mix the germinating bacteria and Gastrodia elata seeds well. during the operation, the leaf culture medium of the germinating bacteria is first cut into small pieces square by 1.5cm, then put it in a large and clean box, gently pinch the fern fruit with the right hand to split the longitudinal crack line, shake the Gastrodia elata seeds on the germinating bacteria in the basin, then stir them with both hands, turn the capsule fruit over and over again, and crush the peel to remove the germinating bacteria. This work should be done in a windless environment to prevent tiny seeds from being blown away by the wind.

5. Sowing techniques

The sowing hole can be surrounded by small tree trunks or boards or bricks to form a box pool with 90cm square, and the mold can be made by large-scale cultivation. First lay 1ocm coarse gravel at the bottom of the hole, then spread river sand 10cm, remove a layer of leaves soaked in water and flatten them, then spread the broken leaves of germinating bacteria mixed with Gastrodia elata seeds evenly on the leaf layer, put 7 wood segments on the sowing layer, then put the Armillaria mellea species at the fish scale mouth and both ends of the wood section, and then put the small wood knots obliquely between the rods to guide the Armillaria mellea on the rods. After the completion of the above process, gently cover the river sand thickness of about 5cm Then the same method is used to sow the second layer (or single layer), and the top layer is covered with river sand 20cm and flattened.

VI. After-care management

Shading protection is carried out first after hemp hole sowing. The top layer and its surroundings can be covered with a sunshade net with a shading rate of 80%. It can also be covered with branches and leaves to create a cool environment for Armillaria mellea to grow and safely pass the summer. According to the test, in the outdoor with good sunshade, the temperature between the hemp cave and the surface is generally no more than 30 ℃ in summer, and the indoor hemp hole and surface temperature with good ventilation is not more than 26 ℃ in summer. The second is the problem of moisturizing. The water content of sand base after inoculation is about 55%, which is beneficial to the growth of two bacteria and hemp seeds. In practice, a week or so after sowing, water can be sprayed on the bricks, boards and sidewalks of the hole surroundings, or a small amount of water can be sprayed on the surface sand layer of the acupoint, and water can be re-sprayed on the surface sand layer of the point after 1 month. At the same time, the cultivation place should be well ventilated, especially indoor cultivation must be ventilated regularly, which will play a good regulatory role in preventing bacterial infection, promoting seed germination and growth and cooling in summer.

Using Gastrodia elata seeds to carry out sexual reproduction production, as long as scientific management is carried out, those sown before the first ten days of June can grow into white-headed arrows that year, and the arrow cycle is only one and a half years, which is indeed a short, flat and fast new project to get rich.