Humidification and spray-free high-efficiency cultivation method of Pleurotus ostreatus

The spray-free and efficient cultivation method of Pleurotus ostreatus in narrow greenhouse combines the advantages of buried soil cultivation method and fungus wall cultivation method, which makes the cultivation and management of Pleurotus ostreatus more simple, high quality and high yield. The method is as follows: the mushroom blanks harvested in the first tide are removed from the bacterial bag, and the bacterial wall is built around the four soil walls of the mushroom shed. The outer end of the bacterial wall is bonded with the bacterial billet with sealing mud, and the inside of the bacterial wall is all filled with nutritious soil, and a water tank is built on the bacterial wall to replenish water and fertilizer. There are five main advantages of this method: before building the bacterial wall in ①, let the mushroom billet produce a tide of mushrooms, and the bacterial wall made of the shrunken bacterial billet does not deform, does not dry and has good stability. The four walls of the ② mushroom shed are dug out with intact structure, many pores and strong water storage and water supply capacity, which is beneficial to adjust the water balance in the bacterial wall. When replenishing water for too much, the excess water infiltrates into the greenhouse wall and stored, and the bacterial wall will not flow because of too much water. When the water supply is insufficient, the water in the shed wall can infiltrate into the bacterial wall to prevent the bacterial wall from drying and cracking. The materials used for ③ bacteria wall are different inside and outside, and sealing mud is used on the outside to prevent the outflow of water and prevent the invasion of diseases and insect pests. Nutritive soil is used in the bacterial wall, which is soft and nutritious, which is conducive to the regulation of water, fertilizer, gas and heat in the bacterial wall, and is conducive to the rejuvenation of the mycelium, and it is not easy to tilt and collapse outward. The appearance of mushroom on the side of ④ wall is consistent with the lateral habits of Pleurotus ostreatus, which is beneficial to the growth and development of Pleurotus ostreatus; ⑤ has good continuity and sufficient water supply, and there is no need to spray water during the growth period, which not only avoids the trouble of spraying water, but also avoids the damage and pollution of spraying water to the buds of Pleurotus ostreatus, which is beneficial to the high quality, high yield and high efficiency of Pleurotus ostreatus. The technology is introduced as follows:

1. Construction of mushroom shed

Choose the place far away from the livestock and poultry barn, pollution-free, leeward to the sun, thick soil layer to build a mushroom shed. Mushroom shed east-west, seat north to south, semi-underground. The shed is about 2 meters wide and unlimited in length. The method of digging down and building up is adopted, and the depth of digging is 1.4 to 1.5 meters. When digging, it is carried out according to the slope of 0.1-0.15 meters at the bottom, so that the billet shrinks layer by layer when building the bacterial wall, so as to prevent the bacterial wall from tilting and collapsing. Above ground, the north wall is about 0.8 meters high, the south wall is about 0.3 meters high, and the east-west wall is naturally connected with the north-south wall. Leave a ventilation hole every 1.5 meters on the north and south walls. The shed door is left in the northeast or northwest corner of the mushroom shed. After the earth wall is built, put up the top shelf, cover the film, and then spray the four walls with 10% lime water (with emphasis on the earth walls built above the ground level), disinfect and set aside.

2. Preparation of sealing mud and nutritious soil

The function of sealing mud is to seal the bacterial wall, which requires it to have good adhesion, water retention and resistance to diseases and pests. Therefore, the sealing mud should choose the deep soil with no crop residue, no fertilizer residue, no disease and insect pollution and less nutrient content. When preparing, do not add any nutrients and accessories, only use 3%-5% lime water to mix into mud, the more thoroughly the better. The main function of nutritious soil is to supplement water and mineral nutrition for mycelium. Therefore, the nutrient soil should choose loose and fertile, disease-free, pollution-free topsoil or vegetable garden soil, and mixed with 2% phosphate fertilizer, if you add a small amount of furnace ash, the effect is better. When preparing nutritious soil, as long as the soil and fertilizer are mixed evenly, it is not suitable to add water, so as not to destroy its structure, affect its permeability and reduce the performance of water storage and water supply.

Technical essentials of building bacterial wall

The fungus wall should be carried out in stages, completed from the bottom to the last time, not for a long distance, layer by layer. The mushroom blanks of Pleurotus ostreatus can be harvested within 3 days as a batch, each batch to build a section, to avoid the interval between the upper and lower layers of the bacteria wall is too long. Otherwise, the mushroom wall will not only be inconvenient to operate, but also the soil falling on the young mushroom will affect the quality of the mushroom. When building a bacterial wall, first determine the outer boundary of the bacterial wall, and seal it at the outer boundary of the bacterial wall. Build a mud ridge with a width and height of 2 cm and 3 cm (to prevent water from flowing out from the bottom of the fungus wall), fill 2 cm thick nutritious soil between the ridge and the shed wall, and pour thoroughly with 0.5% urea. Then, remove the plastic film from the mushroom blanks after harvesting the first tide of mushrooms, put the mud ring on the outer end, and stick the mud ring to the mud ridge one by one. After the first layer is glued, the mud ring at the outer end of the bacterial billet of the layer is raised to a mud ridge of 2 cm to 3 cm, which is filled with nutritious soil between the ridge and the shed wall, and is also poured thoroughly with 0.5% urea solution. In this way, the billets are staggered between the layers. Finally, the mud ridge above the fungus wall is raised to more than 5cm, and the nutrient soil 2-3cm thick is filled between the ridge and the shed wall as a flume. After the fungus wall is built, dig a ditch with a depth of 7cm to 8cm and a width of 20cm close to the bottom of the fungus wall for the growth of the bottom mushroom, so as to prevent the bottom mushroom from touching the soil, shadow and sound mushroom quality.

IV. Cultivation and management

The management of spray-free and efficient cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus in narrow greenhouse is much simpler than other cultivation methods. As long as we do a good job in the following five aspects, we can achieve the goal of high quality, high yield and high efficiency.

1. Water management

The outstanding feature of Pleurotus ostreatus narrow greenhouse spray-free high-efficiency cultivation method in mushroom production management is that there is no need to drill holes to replenish water, and there is no need to spray water, as long as it is irrigated into the sink once or twice a day. The amount of irrigation depends on the amount of water in the bacterial wall. In general, the amount of irrigation can be adjusted automatically by the shed wall, and the reaction of the bacterial wall is not obvious. If the limit is exceeded, the amount of irrigation should be adjusted according to the situation. If there is a small crack in the sealing mud, the amount of irrigation should be increased if there is insufficient water in the bacterial wall; if there is a water film on the surface of the sealing mud, the water content of the mushroom body is too high, indicating that there is too much water in the bacterial wall, and the amount of irrigation should be reduced. In order to increase the air humidity, pour water into the mushroom shed every 1-2 days to keep the ground moist.

two。 Temperature and light

Pleurotus ostreatus needs to be stimulated by scattered light, and too strong or too weak light is not conducive to its growth and development. When the temperature is high, the covering can be covered outside the shed to shade and cool down; when the temperature is low, it is necessary to coordinate the contradiction between temperature and light in the shed, not only to let sunlight into the shed to heat up, but also not to let the strong light harm the mushroom body, sunshade net can be used to shade the sun above the bacterial wall in the shed.

3. Ventilation

Pleurotus ostreatus breathes vigorously during the period of mushroom emergence, and needs sufficient and fresh air. Ventilation in the mushroom shed is very important. When the temperature is high, all the vents can be opened for ventilation throughout the day. When the temperature is low, the upwind stomata can be closed and the leeward stomata can be opened. As long as the temperature in the shed is not less than 4 ℃ in the morning, the stomata can be open day and night. When ventilating, you should avoid blowing cold air directly to the mushroom body, especially the mushroom near the shed door, which often affects the yield because of the cold wind blowing directly, so you can hang a plastic film in the shed door to cover it.

4. Replenish fertilizer

In order to maintain the continuous high yield of Pleurotus ostreatus, 0.5% urea water can be irrigated once after harvest.

5. Maintenance of bacterial wall

There are no loopholes in the flume and no cracks in the bacterial wall, which is the basic condition to ensure the uniform infiltration and continuous replenishment of water in the bacterial wall. We should observe at any time, find problems, and deal with them in a timely manner. If there are loopholes or cracks in the sink, it should be filled with nutritious soil in time and watered while filling, so that the soil enters the hole with water and fills up. If there is a crack in the sealing mud on the surface of the bacterial wall, you can apply it strictly with your fingers in time. At the same time, there are cracks in the bacterial wall, indicating that the amount of irrigation is insufficient and should be increased.

V. Harvest

Pleurotus ostreatus growing on the mushroom wall is large and thick, and it should be cut off with a machete when harvesting. Do not break it hard by hand, so as not to damage the fungus wall. After harvest, clean the surface of the fungus wall in time, eliminate the residual roots, degenerated and shrunken young mushrooms, and take them out of the shed.