Technical Guide for Production of Cut Lily

The root system of lily likes the substrate with good drainage, air permeability and water retention. The sticky substrate is not suitable for the cultivation of lilies, which is easy to harden. Increasing the content of organic matter in the matrix can obviously improve the drainage, air permeability and water holding capacity of the matrix. Lily likes to grow in the medium with moderate content of organic matter. It is ideal to add fermented cow dung or rice husk to the cultivation substrate. The mixed cow manure or rice husk must be mature for more than one year, and unmature or other animals such as chicken, horse and pig manure should not be used as far as possible. These substances are too nutritious and fertile for lily, and the ec value of the substrate may be greatly increased after application. It is likely to cause burns to the roots of lilies. Fermented rice husk or cow manure contains a small amount of nutrients, which mainly plays a role in improving the physical properties of the substrate. The application of untreated peat moss can have a similar effect, and the use of peat or peat can also reduce the EC value of the substrate. This is the effect that can not be achieved by using rice husk or cow dung.

Do not use chlorine or fluorine in lily production. When improving the substrate, many people use perlite or vermiculite to improve the water holding capacity, air permeability and drainage of the substrate. Good results can be achieved with perlite or vermiculite, but some perlite or vermiculite from unknown sources contain chloride and fluoride, which is very disadvantageous to lilies. In particular, excessive fluoride can cause very obvious leaf burns to lilies (similar to leaf burn, except that the disease may be found in the lower leaves or the whole plant).

Second, seed ball treatment

After receiving the seed ball, the unthawed seed ball can be kept at a temperature of 10 ℃ ~ 15 ℃ and thawed slowly for 12 to 48 hours. Open the plastic cover when thawing, do not thaw in the high temperature direct sunlight environment, plant immediately after thawing, and those that cannot be planted can be stored in 0 ℃ ~ 2 ℃ shelter from light and no strong wind passing through the environment for 2 weeks. High temperature storage and too long storage time will make the lily bulb germinate and root develop in advance, which will affect the quality of lily in the later stage, and the lily bulb after the best storage period should not be bought even if it is cheap. The flower and stem length of such lily bulbs are not guaranteed.

Fungicides should be used to disinfect lily bulbs before planting. Soaking is generally used in China, and spraying is used by many growers abroad to avoid secondary contamination and cross-infection of lily bulbs caused by pathogens in the process of soaking.

III. Cultivation and cultivation

In order to avoid damage to lily bulbs, thawed bulbs should be planted immediately and should not be stored for too long. There are three main ways of lily production and cultivation: field planting, box planting and planting bed cultivation. In general, Asian hybrid (asiatichybrids) lily and iron cannon hybrid (longiflorumhybrids) lily are mostly planted in the ground, which is suitable for extensive management because of less basic investment. However, the oriental hybrid lily (orientalhybrids) mostly adopts the production mode of box planting or planting bed cultivation, this method has high requirements for facilities, large investment, and its management and operation is relatively complex, but it can control more environmental factors and is suitable for fine management.

1. Cut lilies are produced by planting in the ground.

The main results are as follows: (1) the early management of planting (the first three to four weeks after planting) the lily can be planted with high border in winter. The soil substrate temperature is low in winter, and the use of high border planting can make the border surface receive more light and stay away from the effect of deep underground low temperature conduction on soil substrate temperature. In general, the use of high border can obviously increase the ground temperature by 2 ℃ ~ 3 ℃. The production of lily in summer is to avoid the adverse effects of high temperature on the growth of lily, and low-border planting can be used. Attention should be paid to the drainage of soil substrate when planting lilies in low beds. Do not use low-lying and open-air planting in low-lying and open-air production areas, so as to avoid the occurrence of Rain Water's reverse irrigation and flooding. When using high border to grow lily or other crops, the substrate soil surface of high border is more likely to accumulate more salt, and the higher EC value has an obvious effect on the stem length of lily, so if your EC value of irrigation water is on the high side (between 1ms/cm~1.5ms/cm), try not to use high border planting.

No matter it is high border or low border, the width of the border is generally no more than 1.2 meters. This is mainly due to the convenience of operational management such as planting and harvest in the process of production and planting. The height of the bed is about 20 centimeters. The length of the border depends on the specification of the greenhouse. Do not make the soil matrix too tight when building the bed, do not beat and press too much so as not to cause the air permeability of the matrix to become worse.

Set aside the location of drip irrigation facilities and support rods on the border before planting. In the production of cut lilies, it is more common to use a support net with a mesh length or diameter of 12 to 16 centimeters, erecting a support rod every 3 meters or so, and choose to use strong, corrosion-resistant, corrosion-resistant support rods that are not eaten by pests. Bamboo poles and wood poles are also fine, but these organic struts are vulnerable to water erosion and insect pests. Once such struts are broken, the whole stem of the lily will break and fall down, and all previous efforts will be wasted.

When planting bulbs, lily bulbs should be carefully removed, small pits larger than the size of bulbs should be dug out on the border surface with a small shovel or soil shovel, and the top buds of lily bulbs should be placed upward perpendicular to the basal plane. If the lily bulbs are not placed properly, the stem buds will grow obliquely, and after the stem buds grow out of the basal surface, they will re-adjust the growth angle and restore the growth state perpendicular to the basal surface. Don't press the bulb too hard when placing it, so as to avoid injuring or breaking the basal root of the bulb. After it is placed, it is covered with soil matrix. Summer production needs to dig 8 cm deep pit, winter production needs to dig 6 cm deep pit. In the process of planting, we should dig one to cover one, do not let the lily bulb exposed to the greenhouse environment for too long, too long exposure will make the bulb dehydrated and root dry, which will seriously affect the growth and development of lily in the early stage. When covering the soil substrate, we should also pay attention not to tilt the correct seed bulb again, so that the uneven distribution of the stem of the border will occur after the seed ball sprouts.

The planting density of lily bulb should be considered according to variety characteristics, bulb specification, light intensity, soil matrix density, production season and so on. For example, in the season of abundant light, the production density can be denser, and the planting density should be sparse in the season of poor light.