How to make efficient use of the second stubble flower of oriental lily

Oriental lily bulbs are generally planted only once abroad, and then dug up and discarded. Starting from the national conditions, Chinese lily growers have explored the reuse technology of oriental lily bulbs, which has been applied in many places at present. However, because the second stubble flowers produced by the repeated use of oriental lily bulbs are mostly harvested and listed from June to August, the price of cut lily flowers is low and the economic benefit is limited. In the past two years, Gansu Flower Engineering and Technology Research Center cooperated with Meilan Flower Company of Lintao County and improved seed Farm of Lintao County in Gansu Province to explore a new model for efficient utilization of the second stubble of oriental lily bulbs. the launch period of the second stubble flower was delayed to October to November, so that the sales price was increased and the economic benefit was greatly improved. This new model is welcomed by local lily growers and has great value of popularization and application. The production process and technical points are introduced as follows:

Production process

4 weeks after picking flowers in January, → in situ using natural low temperature treatment for 6-8 weeks → bulbs were collected and disinfected at → April. → bulbs were frozen stored for 3-4 months → sowing in July and August for cut flower cultivation → from October to November.

Cold treatment of seeding balls

At present, the varieties of oriental lily used in this model are 'Siberia' and 'Acapulco', and the greenhouse used is solar greenhouse. The post-anthesis bulb cultivation was carried out according to the general second stubble utilization technique, that is, leaving about 25cm at the base of the stem when picking flowers, proper irrigation to keep the temperature in the greenhouse at 18 ℃ ~ 25 ℃. After 4 weeks, the nutrients of stem, leaf and stem rooting were transferred to the bulb to rejuvenate the bulb.

After raising the ball, carry on the cold treatment of the seed ball. The method is to use natural low temperature for treatment. The specific approach is to increase ventilation in the solar greenhouse, open the vents to the maximum, do not close day and night; shade during the day, put down grass curtains or heat preservation and other external insulation cover materials, roll up at night. In this way, the air temperature in the solar greenhouse is reduced to 0 ℃ ~ 3 ℃, and the substrate temperature is 3 ℃ ~ 5 ℃. If the temperature in the greenhouse drops too much, the vents can be closed properly, or the curtain time can be adjusted to maintain the above temperature. In this low temperature condition, the seed dormancy can be broken after 6-8 weeks. The cold treatment of the seed ball can be finished as soon as it begins to sprout. Some bulbs sprouted early, but the length of buds should not exceed 1cm, otherwise buds were vulnerable to injury and freezing injury in later treatment and frozen storage.

Harvesting, cleaning, disinfection and packing of seeding balls

Planting balls are harvested manually with spades, and be careful not to damage the scales so as to reduce wound infection and prevent decay; at the same time, attention should be paid to keeping the rooting of the seed balls intact. When digging, it should be dug under the off-seed bulb 15cm, and the excavation depth is 20cm. After the bulb is dug out, remove the soil from the bulb and cut off the withered stem axis. Then, concentrate the seeding ball and gently put it into the box.

Seed balls transported to the cleaning and disinfection workshop should be cleaned as soon as possible. Put the seed ball in the seed ball box and rinse it with clean water, not only to remove the soil and sundries attached to the seed ball, but also to remove the soil and other sundries between the scale gap and the basal root.

Seed bulb disinfection lily bulb belongs to skinless bulb, which is easy to be infected by bacteria, resulting in decay and loss of value. The common diseases during bulb storage are bulb soft rot, penicillium rot and brown scale disease. In order to prevent the occurrence of these diseases, in addition to mining and postharvest treatment to avoid damage to the bulb and reduce the invasion of bacteria, the disinfection of seed bulbs before entering the cold storage is particularly important. During disinfection, soak the cleaned seed ball in the disinfection tank for 30 minutes. The disinfection solution is generally 600 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 800 times of promethazine, or 80 times of formalin aqueous solution or 500 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder. After the seed ball box is removed from the disinfectant, rinse it with clean water, stack the box, and drain the water on the surface of the seed ball, ready to pack it into storage.

The planting ball box is usually filled with rectangular plastic baskets and filled with peat, and the substrate needs to be disinfected in advance. The matrix requires that the water is suitable, and the water content cannot be pinched by the hand, that is, the water content is 50%-70%, so that the seed ball can always be kept in a humid environment and will not be dehydrated. If it is too wet, it is easy to cause the seed ball to rot in the box.

When packing, first put the plastic film on the bottom of the seed box, then spread a layer of filling matrix about 3cm on the film, put a layer of seed ball and then sprinkle a layer of matrix, so alternately until it is full, the top of the box is sealed with plastic film. The plastic film should be perforated for ventilation, usually 14,18 holes per square meter. Label the box and write down the variety, quantity, bulb specification and storage date, etc.

Frozen Storage of seed Ball

The choice of cold storage requires the use of professional cold storage of lily bulbs. This kind of cold storage must meet the following conditions: (1) the cold storage wall must have the adiabatic level of 0.3W/ (m2 / k); (2) the cold storage must have a refrigeration capacity of 40 kilowatts per cubic meter; (3) install automatic slow ventilation; (4) there must be a certain amount of air circulation; (5) install a circulating fan to ensure that the temperature in the storage is uniform and the fluctuation range should be less than 0.5 ℃.

Frozen storage technology after the ball box is put into storage, it is stacked one layer after another in the cold storage. the bottom of the box should not be pressed too heavily, and the bottom of the box should not be close to the ground. There should also be a gap between the stacked ball box and between the box and the top of the freezer, leaving a sidewalk in the middle for frequent inspection.

The freezing time is generally about 3-4 months. During this period, there was no freezing injury, the buds basically stopped elongating, and the elongation did not exceed 1cm in 4 months. In this way, the frozen seed bulbs can emerge, grow and blossom normally after planting.

After the frozen bulb was removed from the bank, it should be placed under the condition of 10 ℃ ~ 15 ℃, and should not be exposed in the sun, so as to avoid the decline of quality. It should be planted immediately after 12 hours.

Cut flower cultivation

The planting period of the bulbs treated above is generally from July to August, and the flowering period is from October to November. The planting method and its field management are basically carried out in accordance with the practice of the first crop cut flower cultivation, the difference is only to appropriately increase the amount of base fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer to ensure the nutrient supply of plant growth and development, and finally produce high-quality cut flowers.