Introduction performance and Development Countermeasures of Southern Pear in Hezhou area

According to the deciduous fruit development concept of "south pear and north peach" put forward by the Ministry of Agriculture in 1996, southern pears were introduced from Zhejiang University and Guilin in 2000 in Hezhou, Guangxi. A total of 11 southern pear varieties were introduced, and the current cultivated area 1066.67hm2 is estimated to reach 25000 tons in 2006. According to the current introduction observation, the soil, climate and other natural conditions in Hezhou are very suitable for the growth of southern pears, and many varieties have the advantages of high yield, stable yield, good taste, rich flavor, strong resistance and so on. The products are widely welcomed by consumers in the market. Farmers who introduced southern pears generally achieved good returns. At present, the varieties and distribution of southern pears planted in Hezhou are: Cuiguan, Huanghua Pear, Fengshui Pear, Xingshui Pear, June Shuang, Guihua Pear, Xinjiu, Yuanhuang Pear, Jinshui Pear and Xizilu, etc. The main planting site of southern pear is in Fuchuan County, Hezhou City, about 1013hm2, accounting for 95% of the cultivated area of southern pear in the city. The distribution of southern pears in Fuchuan County is as follows: Cuiguan and Huanghua pears are mainly distributed in Lou Village, Gepo Town (about 166hm2), Fuyang Town Lin Liu (about 66hm2), Liujia Longyan (about 100hm2), Lianshan Town Xiabashan (about 133hm2); Fengshui and Xingshui pears are mainly distributed in Maojia and Shuping, Welfare Town, Fuchuan County; other southern pear varieties are mainly distributed in Chengbei, Chaodong, Xinhua, Shijia and other townships (towns) of Fuchuan County. There is also a small amount of cultivation in other counties. Mainly introduced varieties of Cuiguan pear: introduced from Zhejiang in 2002, mainly planted in Lou Village, Gepo Town, Fuchuan County. The flowering period is early March, the fruit is nearly round, the pericarp is yellowish green, the pulp is white, the fruit is juicy and sweet, the core is small, the yield is good, the resistance is strong, the management is more extensive, the weight of single fruit is 200 ~ 220g, it matures in late June, and the yield per 667m2 can reach 3.5 ~ 5t. Huanghua pear: introduced from Zhejiang in 2000 and planted in Lou Village. After 4 years of introduction and observation, the growth performance of the tree is as follows: the tree is strong, easy to manage, grow fast, bear fruit early, easy to form flower buds and short fruit branches, generally can blossom and test fruit in the second year after planting, the yield per 667m2 in the third year can reach 1 t ·min and enter the full fruit stage after 5 years, and the yield per 667m2 can reach more than 5 t. Huanghua pear blossoms in early March and matures in mid-late July. The fruit is round, the pericarp is yellowish brown, the pulp is white, the flesh is delicate, the weight of single fruit is 300g, and the quality is medium to high. The storage and transportation period is 10-15 days. Xingshui pear was introduced from Zhejiang in 2000 and planted in Fuli Town, Fuchuan County. It shows strong tree potential, strong branching ability, open tree posture and easy flowering, flowering in the middle of March, fruit juicy and sweet, single fruit weight 200-250g, maturity in late June, and yield per 667m2 in high yield period is about 3.5t, which is difficult to manage. Fengshui pear: introduced from Zhejiang in 2000 and planted in Fuli Town, Fuchuan County. It is characterized by exuberant growth, strong sprouting ability, strong branching ability and early fruit. the flowering stage is at the beginning of March, the fruit is juicy and sweet, the flesh is delicate, the weight of single fruit is about 250g, the ripening period is in late June, and the yield per 667m2 is about 3.5t in high yield period. Yuanhuang pear: introduced from Guilin in 2000 and planted in Chaodong Township (Town) of Fuchuan County. The introduction showed that the tree opened in posture, strong branching ability and good fruiting performance. the single fruit weighed 250 to 600g, the pericarp was yellow-brown, nearly round, the flesh was snow-white, sweet and fragrant, tender and juicy, flowered in early March in Fuchuan County, matured in mid-July, and the yield per 667m2 in high yield period was about 2.5afe 3.5t. Xinjiu pear was introduced from Guangxi Citrus Research Institute in 2003, and now it has less planting area. It shows that the tree has strong tree potential, strong branching ability, small fruit, single fruit weight of about 200g, flowering in early March and ripening in late June. due to the short introduction time, the performance of high yield and stable yield can not be determined temporarily. According to the development and cultivation performance of southern pear in Hezhou, the main problems are as follows: the quality of Huanghua pear and Cuiguan pear is in the upper-middle level, but the storage and transportation period is short and will change flavor after more than 15 days. Fengshui pear and Xingshui pear are difficult to manage, have high requirements for water and fertilizer, and are easy to be infected with ring disease. Other varieties with less cultivation, such as sweet-scented osmanthus pear, have slow growth, weak branching ability and low yield, while Xizi green has low yield. The first problem of planting management is that the seedling market management is not perfect and the varieties are mixed; the second is that the planting starting point is low and the quality of the garden is poor; the third is that the thought of heavy planting and light management is serious, the level of production management is low, and the management and protection technology can not keep up with it; fourth, there is a lack of capital investment and insufficient follow-up investment. Through introduction, trial planting, observation and comparison, the varieties with good horticultural characters, good quality and good market prospect were selected as the varieties for popularization and development. According to the current introduction performance of various varieties, Huanghua pear, Cuiguan pear and Yuanghuang pear with high yield, stable yield, high quality, easy management, strong resistance and good commodity are suggested. It is suggested that the relevant departments should strictly implement the notice on strengthening the production, Management and Management of Fruit trees and seedlings issued by Guangxi Agriculture Department, standardize the production and management of seedlings, and establish an improved variety seedling breeding system based on the technical advantages of city and county (district) fruit departments, relying on the technical advantages of city and county (district) fruit departments. Cultivate pure and pest-free seedlings for farmers to ensure the safety of southern pear production and promote the healthy and stable development of southern pear. Strengthen technical training and improve the technical level of fruit growers according to the actual fruit production and technical level of fruit growers in Hezhou, strengthen the leadership of the training work, formulate training plans, implement personnel, training bases and funds, organize various county (district) fruit departments to carry out multi-channel, multi-level, multi-type fruit tree production technical training, change the planting concept of fruit farmers, and improve the production technical level and management ability of fruit farmers. At the same time, we should strengthen the popularization of new technologies and methods for fruit production, promote the action plan of pollution-free agricultural products and standardized fruit production through the implementation of the "excellent fruit project", and improve the output per unit area and fruit quality of fruit production. Enhance the competitiveness of the fruit market. Raise money in many ways. To increase capital investment, we should do a good job in publicity and mobilization, extensively mobilize and activate private funds to participate in fruit production, increase efforts to attract investment, introduce foreign businessmen to invest in the fruit industry, and strengthen small-scale fruit planting in rural areas. Agricultural Bank, rural credit cooperatives and other financial departments should focus on supporting the development of pears and other characteristic fruits in the south of Hezhou City. At the same time, we should increase financial support and allocate special funds for fruit seedling cultivation, technical training and promotion and postharvest services. To strengthen brand cultivation and occupy the market, the southern pear produced in Hezhou has the characteristics of correct fruit shape, delicate meat quality, juicy sweet taste and small fruit core, which is very suitable for the consumption demand of the market. In recent years, the price is about 2.50yuan / kg in the market, and the fruit is in short supply. However, with the improvement of people's consumption level, southern pears will still face the market competition of survival of the fittest. For this reason, it is necessary to formulate pollution-free standardized production technical regulations of southern pears, do a good job of trademark registration of high-quality fruits, strengthen the identification of high-quality fruits and the selection and breeding of excellent individual plants, and improve the level of fruit packaging. We should increase brand innovation and research and development of fine products, cultivate high-quality southern pear brands, support good reputation with excellent brand effects, and expand market share. Do a good job in publicity and work. In order to promote industrial efficiency and increase farmers' income, we should make use of newspapers, television and other media to vigorously publicize Hezhou southern pear and enhance its popularity, and at the same time give full play to the role of companies or organizations such as Hezhou Xiushan Fruit Industry Co., Ltd. And Hezhou fruit industry association, do a good job in the construction of circulation team, organize personnel to Guangdong and other places to understand the market situation, extensively contact customers, broaden southern pear sales channels, and improve the efficiency of southern pear production and management. Increase the income of farmers.