Huayu (peach)

I. Source of varieties

It was bred in 2000 by the Institute of Forest and Fruit, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences. Parent combination: Jingyu × Ruiguang 7. It was approved by Beijing in 2002.

2. Characteristic characteristics

This variety is a large fruit type late-ripening hard flesh white peach. Beijing generally sprouts in late March and blossoms in mid-April with a flowering period of about 1 week. The leaves spread in late April, shoot in the first ten days of May, and the fruit ripens in the middle and late August. The fruit development period is about 125 days. The leaves fell in the middle and late October, and the growth period was about 210 days.

The tree is moderate and half-open, with annual branches reddish brown on the sunny side and green on the back. There are many compound flower buds, and the initial node position of flower bud is 1-2 nodes. All kinds of fruit branches can bear fruit, mainly long and middle fruit branches. The leaf is 14.21 cm long, 3.82 cm wide and the petiole is 0.9 cm long. Leaves long elliptic-lanceolate, leaf surface slightly concave, leaf tip slightly rolled outward, leaf base cuneate nearly right-angled; green; leaf margin obtusely serrated; nectaries reniform, 2-4. Flowers rose-shaped, pink; anthers yellow-white, without pollen; calyx tube inner wall yellowish green. Pistil is higher than stamen.

The fruit is nearly round, the top of the fruit is round and flat, the suture is shallow, and the depth and width of the pedicel depression are medium. The background color of the pericarp is yellow and white, and the face of the fruit is more than 2 with rose or purplish red halo, bright appearance and medium fluff. The pericarp is moderately thick and not easy to peel off. The flesh is white, there is no red under the skin, and there is a small amount of red near the nucleus. The meat is hard, fine and dense, medium juice, less fiber, sweet flavor, fragrant, non-browning, resistant to storage and transportation. The nucleus is small, and the fresh nucleus weighs 8.0 grams, accounting for 2.96% of the fruit weight. The content of soluble solids is 13.5%, soluble sugar is 9.73%, and organic acid is 0.71%. The average single fruit weight is 270g, the big fruit weight is 400g, the average yield of 4-year-old trees is 1500 kg per mu, and the average yield per mu is more than 2000 kg in the full fruit period.

III. Key points of cultivation techniques

1. Tree shape and planting density. According to the principle that it is not only beneficial to early high yield, but also convenient for later management, 3 × 5 or 4 × 5 m plant spacing can be used for natural happy shape of three main branches, and 2 × 5 m plant spacing can be used for "Y" type pruning.

2. Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water. In the middle and early stage of the year, topdressing is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus and potash fertilizer are used together to promote the growth of branches and leaves, and potassium fertilizer is the main topdressing fertilizer in the later stage, combined with phosphate fertilizer, especially in the 20-30 days before harvest (fruit expansion period), 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed on the leaf to increase fruit number, increase coloring, increase sugar content, and improve quality. When base fertilizer is applied in autumn, proper amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied, which can increase tree nutrition and fruit setting rate in the following year.

3. Reasonable pruning. The growth of young trees is strong, so we should strengthen summer pruning, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions, promote branch enrichment, flower bud formation and early fruiting. Prune lightly and leave more fruiting branches when cutting in winter, so as to ease the tree potential and enter the full fruit period early.

4. Strengthen the management of flowers and fruits. Since there is no pollen, pollination trees and florescence should be configured for artificial pollination to promote fruit setting. The fruit is large, the fruit setting rate is high after pollination, the fruit should be kept reasonably, the fruit will be enlarged and the quality should be improved. Generally, there are 3-4 long fruit branches, 2-3 middle fruit branches, 1-2 short fruit branches, and bouquet-like fruit branches. The yield should be controlled at about 2000 kilograms per mu. Because the lack of light affects the fruit coloring, the methods of picking leaves and thinning branches can be used to increase the fruit coloring. Bagging measures can make the fruit noodles clean and brighter.

5. Timely harvest. Although the pulp of this variety is very hard, we should also pay attention to timely harvest. When the background color of the peel has turned white, the fruit can be harvested with its inherent flavor. When the fruit is overripe, the fruit will fall, the quality will decline, and the value of the commodity will be affected.

IV. Areas suitable for planting

It is suitable for planting in Beijing area.