High-yield cultivation techniques of American bolting garlic

In 1998, Dawangzhuang Village, Yaogezhuang Town, Gaomi City and Changjiang Agricultural Products Development Co., Ltd. of Weifang City jointly introduced American boltless garlic and carried out high yield and good quality cultivation experiment. Through 4 years of production practice, a set of high yield and good quality cultivation techniques suitable for this variety was explored.

I. Characteristics

American boltless garlic, no bolting or very thin bolting, plant height 68.4 cm, stem diameter 1.8 cm, leaf length 47.2 cm, leaf width 3.9 cm, total leaves 11. Bulb total petal number 15, belongs to multi-petal type. Garlic is large, with an average diameter of more than 6cm and a single mass of more than 65g. American boltless garlic has purple-red stripes on the outer skin, light purple on the inner skin, thick garlic juice, strong spicy flavor and high dry powder yield. It is an excellent variety suitable for processing garlic slices and garlic powder export. American garlic has strong growth potential, strong disease resistance and high yield, with an average yield of 1 700 ~ 2 200 kg garlic per 667m2.

II. Key points of cultivation

1. Choose plots that have not been planted with garlic, onions, scallions or leeks in two years. Requirements to choose fertile soil, irrigation convenience, water and fertilizer conservation, organic matter rich loam or sandy loam cultivation.

2. Apply enough base fertilizer, deep ploughing and soil preparation should be ploughed and sun-dried early after the harvest of the previous crop, and apply enough base fertilizer at one time in combination with cultivated land. Every 667m2, use decomposed pig manure, cattle manure or pure chicken manure 1500kg, and use three-element fertilizer 50kg. Then deep ploughing 20cm, fine tillage 2~3 times, to prevent light and shade.

3. Flat ridge planting was adopted for ridge planting, with ridge surface width of 1.2 m, ridge width of 30cm and ridge height of 10cm. With feet solid ridge, ridge surface with rake raked flat or slightly slope, in order to facilitate watering.

4. Seed selection and seed soaking September 25-October 10 is the appropriate period for garlic planting, seed selection and seed soaking before planting. Select large, white, mildew-free, ungerminated, full and water-free peripheral garlic cloves for seed. Cut off the tip of garlic cloves with scissors to facilitate germination. Soak garlic seeds in water for 24 hours.

5. Sowing because the United States has no garlic larger, so plant spacing should be slightly larger than ordinary garlic. Sowing 30 000 ~ 35 000 plants per 667m2 with row spacing of 20cm, 7 rows per furrow and plant spacing of 10cm is suitable for garlic cloves at a depth of 1 cm from the furrow surface.

6. After watering, spraying and covering the seeds, press them with stone rollers to level the ground to facilitate watering and prevent jumping garlic (garlic seeds arch out of the ground when taking root). After water infiltration, spray herbicide, herbicide available acetochlor, isoproturon, Du Er, etc. Then close to the ground covered with 0.04mm plastic film, plastic film on both sides of the compact, every 2~3m in the middle of a shovelful of fine soil, to prevent strong wind to scrape off the plastic film.

7. field management

(1) Overwintering water is watered once at the end of November or early December.

(2) Before and after March 15, garlic has begun to grow, and the temperature has risen, if garlic seedlings continue to grow under the film, it may burn the leaves, so at this time, the garlic seedlings that have not naturally arched the film should be pulled out.

(3) After watering, the film can be watered for the first time, and 15~20kg of diammonium phosphate can be applied with water every 667m2. April should keep the soil dry and wet, moisture moderate. May is the garlic growth season, this period of hot weather, water evaporation fast, plants need water, so watering should be frequent, generally every 6~ 8 days irrigation 1 big water. In order to promote garlic bulb expansion, 15~20kg potassium sulfate and 15kg urea can be applied with water every 667m2 at the same time. After that, the soil became dry and wet until one week before harvest.

(4) Timely control of diseases and insect pests May is the occurrence period of onion maggot adults, 75% phoxim 1000 times spray control, 7~ 8 days spray once, continuous 2~3 times. May is also the garlic disease occurrence period, can occur leaf blight, purple spot disease and other diseases, in the early stage of the disease can be used copper master and other chemicals control.

8. Harvest in mid-June, garlic leaves from green to yellow, seize the time to harvest planing. Put the harvested garlic in a ventilated place to dry, cut off the pseudostem, cut off the fibrous root, and bag it for sale.