Grow garlic at the right time

Garlic is a necessary condiment in daily life, which is indispensable for cooking and cooking. In recent years, many pharmacological effects of garlic have been discovered, and it has been found that garlic can prevent and treat a variety of diseases. American scientists have listed garlic as a basic health food. At present, garlic has become a worldwide vegetable, especially in some countries that rely entirely on imports, the price of garlic is higher. Garlic is suitable for growing in a cool climate, avoiding heat and being afraid of cold. The Yellow River Basin in China is a suitable growing area for garlic. at present, some places have become the main areas and export bases of garlic production in China. Now it is the sowing season of garlic again. Now the planting techniques of garlic are briefly introduced as follows for farmers' reference.

First, select excellent varieties. At present, our main varieties are Songcheng garlic, Songcheng white garlic and Cangshan garlic and so on. According to incomplete statistics, the planting area of Songcheng garlic is more than 75%; Songcheng white garlic is the first choice for export; Cangshan garlic is a mid-late maturing variety with both bolting and head use.

Second, sowing seeds at the right time. Garlic is a cold-loving crop, which has the characteristics of natural dormancy. When sowing early, it will emerge slowly because it is still in the dormant period, and the cold resistance of garlic seedlings will be greatly weakened because of high temperature in the early stage and excessive growth before winter. and the lower leaves of the plant are easy to wither and yellow and senescence prematurely in the later growth stage. When sowing too late, garlic seedlings are smaller, less nutrient accumulation and weak cold resistance before overwintering. Especially when sowing too late, the growth period of stems and leaves will be shorter and the number of leaves will be less, but the mature period of garlic is the same or slightly later than that of early sowing, so the garlic is smaller, the yield is low and the quality is poor.

It is appropriate for us to sow seeds before and after the Autumn Equinox. The seedlings can be completed more than 10 days after sowing, and the plants can have 5-6 leaves before overwintering, and the cold resistance is strong.

Third, sowing density. The size of garlic is closely related to the amount of nutrients it contains. The garlic cloves are large, the nutrients are sufficient, after emergence, the root system of the plant is developed, the number of leaves is large, the pseudostem is thick and long, and the garlic bolts are thick, the garlic head is big, the garlic cloves are large, and the commercial quality is better. Therefore, large cloves of garlic should be selected as seed as possible when sowing. Take Songcheng white garlic as an example, garlic cloves weighing 4 to 5 grams can be selected as seeds, with a seed amount of 130 to 150 kilograms and sowing about 33000 plants per mu. If 3.5 ~ 4.0g garlic cloves are used as seeds, the density per mu can be increased to about 35000 plants.

Fourth, prepare the land and sow seeds. If garlic is to have good quality and high yield, sufficient base fertilizer must be applied when planting. The previous crops of garlic are generally corn, peanuts and watermelons, which are very close to the time of planting garlic after harvest. Therefore, the previous crop should be fertilized in time after harvest, 500 kg of rotten chicken manure and 50 kg of diammonium can be applied per mu, ploughing and raking flat after application, stepping on the line by 80 cm, shoveling soil on both sides with a shovel as the line to make a high border with a height of 10 cm and a top width of 50 cm. A high ridge with a height of 15 centimeters can be picked every 3 beds to facilitate water blocking when watering. Two more rows of garlic can be planted on both sides of the high ridge. In the flat 50 cm wide high border, open 4 trenches 6 cm to 7 cm deep, put garlic cloves (33000 plants per mu) according to 10 cm plant spacing, then cover the soil, fill the ditch, and then water and press the roots, so as to prevent the garlic cloves from popping out of the ground when they take root.

Fifth, cover the plastic film. In garlic cultivation, plastic film mulching can increase garlic head and increase garlic yield. in general, after garlic sowing and emergence, the air temperature and ground temperature have begun to drop. At this time, if you cover with plastic film 80 cm wide, you can obviously get the effect of increasing temperature and preventing cold. When covering, first straighten the film and bury it in the soil, then aim at the seedling to break the membrane, and hook the seedling out one by one with a wire hook.

VI. Field management

1. Spraying herbicides: 2-3 days after sowing, 24% fruit herbicides were sprayed to remove weeds in the field. The dosage is 50 to 60 milliliters per mu, and 50 kg of water can be evenly sprayed throughout the field. Walk back when spraying to prevent damage to the film in the border and reduce the weeding effect. Guoer herbicides can be used after sowing, before sprouting, or after emergence, as long as they can avoid the 1-2-leaf stage of garlic. In addition, spraying 50 kg of water with 50 g of 60% butachlor or 120 g of atrazine in front of the bud has the same weeding effect.

2. Water and fertilizer management: before overwintering, the growth of seedlings mainly depends on the nutrients in its garlic cloves, without topdressing, and can be watered according to soil conditions. "Frozen water" should be poured once in late December to make garlic seedlings survive the winter safely. At the beginning of March, flower buds (garlic bud primordia) and scale buds (garlic clove primordia) appeared one after another, but the growth was very slow. From late February to mid-April, the plant growth was mainly to expand the leaf area. When the ten-day average temperature is more than 10 ℃, the growth of garlic bolts will be accelerated. Therefore, 10 kg of urea or 15 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu can be applied in late February.

VII. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

The main pests of garlic are aphids, onion thrips, garlic maggots and so on, especially the onion thrips, especially in the year of drought and little rain. The adults and nymphs suck the leaf juice with piercing mouthparts, and there are many gray spots on the affected leaves. Spray 1500 times of 40% dimethoate emulsion with 80% dichlorvos emulsion or 2500 times of imidacloprid wettable powder in time.

The harm of garlic maggots in garlic production is not common, but in some places, due to the use of immature organic fertilizer or the "rotten mother" of garlic, adults lay eggs, the eggs hatch into the soil, eat garlic roots and pseudostems cause rot, the leaves of the light ones turn yellow and the plants are short, affecting the yield, and the heavy ones cause death. To control garlic maggots, 1000 times the liquid of dimethoate, Lesbon or phoxim can be installed in the sprayer, the spray tablets can be taken out and the solution can be applied to the root soil. Be careful not to use highly toxic pesticides.

The main diseases of garlic are purple spot, gray mold and so on. After the occurrence of the disease, 75% chlorothalonil, 64% disinfectant alum, 50% proohydantoin, 70% methyl thiophanate and other agents can be sprayed 600 to 800 times.

VIII. Timely harvest

1. Collecting garlic bolts: the garlic bolts of Songcheng white garlic grow weakly, and they can bolt when the bolts protrude the leaf sheath of 6cm. Some varieties with strong growth can be broken easily because of the thicker garlic bolts, so the shaft binding method can be used. That is, use a bamboo stick, sharpen the end, hold the bolting in one hand, insert it into the stem with the bamboo stick in the other (5-7 cm away from the ground), cut off the garlic bolting, and then pull out the garlic bolting.

2. Harvest garlic: Songcheng white garlic can be harvested about 25 days after garlic stalk harvest (when the pseudostem is lodging). Other varieties with non-lodging pseudostems can be harvested when the basal leaves begin to turn yellow and the outer layer of garlic becomes thinner. If mature garlic is not harvested in time, especially in the case of rain and high soil moisture, the outer layer of garlic skin is very easy to blacken and rot, and easily lead to loose cloves.