Treatment of calcium and phosphorus Metabolism Disorder in Pigs with combination of traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

Calcium and phosphorus metabolic disorders occur in young pigs, resulting in bone dystrophy called rickets. The pathological features were insufficient calcification of osteoblasts and temporary calcification of persistent cartilage hypertrophy and epiphyseal enlargement. The clinical features are digestive disorder, heterophobia, lameness and bone deformation. It is a non-inflammatory disease of bone tissue dysplasia. Vitamin D deficiency also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of rickets. Calcium and phosphorus metabolic disorders occur in adult pigs, resulting in osteodystrophy called osteomalacia, or fibrous osteodystrophy. The pathological feature is progressive decalcification of bone, showing osteoporosis and the formation of excess uncalcified bone matrix, or chondrocytic fibrous tissue hyperplasia, bone body enlargement and weight reduction. The clinical features are digestive disorder, heterophobia, claudication, osteoporosis and bone deformation. It is due to the lack of calcium or phosphorus in feed and the imbalance of the two. The disease is common in piglets, poorly managed growing pigs, and sows during lactation and weaning.

1 etiology

1.1 the feed was mismatched. Long-term feeding of a single feed, especially some free-range pigs in rural areas have long used simple corn, wheat bran or rice bran as concentrate, and some brewers have been fed with simple distiller's grains for a long time. In this way, due to the imbalance of calcium and phosphorus ratio in feed (the ratio of calcium to phosphorus is higher or lower than 1 ∶ 0.8, and the optimum ratio of calcium and phosphorus in feed for pigs is 1 ∶ 0.8), most cases are calcium deficiency, coupled with vitamin D deficiency or deficiency, which lead to rickets, rickets, osteomalacia and fibrous osteodystrophy. In particular, piglets are very sensitive to vitamin D deficiency, coupled with the imbalance or lack of calcium and phosphorus, resulting in rickets in piglets.

1.2 long-term feeding management is poor. Pigs sleep on the wet ground for a long time, have uneven hunger and satiety, drink too much cold water for a long time, overeat frozen feed, and lack of exercise, resulting in weakness of the spleen and stomach, indigestion and absorption, and incomplete absorption even if there is an appropriate proportion of calcium and phosphorus in the feed. lead to imbalance or lack of calcium and phosphorus in the body. Pigs are not dewormed for a long time, so that there are many parasites in the intestinal tract, resulting in intestinal mucosal damage, enteritis and incomplete absorption of nutrients, and the absorption of trace elements such as calcium and phosphorus is also reduced.

2 symptoms

In the early stage, there are loss of appetite, indigestion and low spirits, followed by idiophiles, such as eating wooden circles, if the pigsty is made of concrete, pigs eat all the dirt on the walls; what's more, they lick and eat feces. After that, the affected pigs have claudication, poor walking, swaying of the hindquarters when walking (in some cases, limb wheel lameness), standing on the back or lying on the ground, loss of appetite, heavy people can eat or not to eat, the body is getting thinner and thinner. After a period of time, due to the lack of calcification of the systemic bone matrix or the progressive decalcification of the systemic bone, there are enlargement, swelling, pain and abnormal appearance of the joints of the extremities, and there are "0" or "eight" legs, the lumbar dorsal plate is hard, the skull is deformed, the maxilla and nose are swollen and bulging, and the hard jaws are prominent, resulting in loose lips, difficulty in oral closure, and swelling and thickening of the maxilla. The course of the disease is long, teeth are worn, chewing slowly, salivation in the mouth. In some cases, the ears and nose are cold, the feces are loose or even diarrhea, and the urine is short, which is called Yang deficiency osteomalacia in Chinese veterinary medicine, while in some cases, the ear and nose are warm, the dung balls are few, and the urine is thick and yellow. this is called Yin deficiency osteomalacia in Chinese veterinary medicine. In some cases, the course of disease is long, the body is thin, the skull is deformed, the nose is swollen, the joints of the limbs are swollen and deformed, the limp is obvious, it is often difficult to stand up, it is difficult to stand up, the urine is clear, and the mouth color is pale, which is called osteomalacia of deficiency of both yin and yang in traditional Chinese medicine.

3Diagnostic

According to the conditions of feeding and management, the collocation of feed, and the characteristics of growth retardation, heterophobia, enlargement of joints of limbs, teeth and bone changes (sows mostly occur in late pregnancy and lactation), it is not difficult to make a diagnosis.

4 treatment

4.1 Western medicine treatment

4.1.1 supplement proper proportion of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin do in the diet, such as adding appropriate amount of bone meal or calcium hydrogen phosphate and vitamin AD3 powder in the feed. At the same time, adding appropriate amount of trace elements such as copper, iron, zinc, manganese and cobalt to the feed can improve the curative effect and shorten the course of treatment.

4.1.2 patients with severe symptoms were injected intravenously with calcium gluconate injection, vitamin B injection and vitamin B injection, once every two days. Piglets can also be injected intramuscularly with iron dextran or dextran iron injection at a dose of 200mg per piglet, once every 6 days until cured.

4.2 TCM treatment because TCM believes that the disease is weakness of spleen, stomach and kidney, so the treatment principle is mainly to invigorate spleen, stomach and kidney, supplemented by activating blood circulation and dredging menstruation.

4.2.1 Yang deficiency type was treated with Yizhi Powder. Namely: Yizhiren 30g, nutmeg 25g, wood incense 10g, Schisandra 20g, betel nut 10g, grass fruit 25g, Asarum 10g, green skin 25g, Atractylodes macrocephala 30g, peony 30g, Baizhiya 5g, Fructus Aurantii 25g, licorice 15g, jujube 30g, ginger 10g.

4.2.2 Yin deficiency type was treated with Jiajiahuqian pills. Namely: Anemarrhena anemarrhena 30g, cooked land 30g, tortoise plate 60g, white peony 25g, tangerine peel 25g, Suoyang 20g, Achyranthes bidentata 20g, Rhizoma Drynariae 15g, Codonopsis pilosula 30g, Atractylodes macrocephala 20g, Fructus Aurantii 25g, Magnolia officinalis 25g, one dose a day, 5 ~ 7 doses in a row.

4.2.3 patients with deficiency of both yin and yang were treated with modified Yizhi Dihuang Powder. That is, Yizhiren 30g, Schisandra 30g, Angelica 30g, cooked ground 30g, cinnamon 25g, Cornus officinalis 25g, Chinese yam 25g, Codonopsis pilosula 25g, Atractylodes macrocephala 25g, Cortex moutan 20g, psoralen 20g, licorice 15g, a total of 5 ~ 7 doses a day.

In clinical practice, 678 cases of calcium and phosphorus metabolic disorders in pigs were treated with western medicine alone, 238 cases were cured, the cure rate was 96%, the average course of treatment was 28 days; 430 cases were treated with combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine, the cure rate was 100%, the average course of treatment was 15 days.

5 discussion

5.1 due to lack of calcium in diet, or relative lack of calcium due to excessive phosphorus, disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism occurred in pigs, resulting in a series of clinical disorders such as loss of appetite, indigestion, heterophilia, lameness, wasting, enlargement, swelling, abnormal appearance, skull deformation, swelling of upper zygomatic bone, frontal bone, nasal bone, swelling and thickening of mandible and so on. Chinese animal medicine calls this weakness of spleen and stomach. The treatment of western medicine is to add appropriate proportion of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D to the feed, or to inject calcium preparation and vitamin D preparation at the same time, which can only have a better effect on cases with mild clinical symptoms: for cases with more prominent clinical symptoms, due to the long course of disease, pigs suffer from loss of appetite, indigestion, less intake of feed, resulting in lack of other nutrients, resulting in weakness of the spleen, stomach and kidney of the body. Even systemic failure, and calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D can not treat the body's spleen, stomach, kidney weakness, as well as systemic failure. Only with the traditional Chinese medicine prescription of invigorating the spleen and tonifying the kidney, supplemented by activating blood circulation and dredging the meridian, can we correct the weakness of the spleen, stomach and kidney, as well as systemic failure, and make the body return to normal.

5.2 due to the weakness of spleen, stomach and kidney, as well as systemic failure, it is caused by calcium and phosphorus deficiency, mainly calcium deficiency and vitamin D deficiency. Therefore, in the clinical treatment of calcium and phosphorus metabolic disorders, it is necessary to increase the appropriate proportion of calcium and phosphorus in the feed, mainly calcium and vitamin D, or to inject calcium and vitamin D preparations at the same time, while invigorating the spleen and stomach and tonifying the kidney. Huoxue Tongjing supplemented by traditional Chinese medicine prescription conditioning the body can not be less, and the combination of Chinese and Western treatment shortens the course of treatment and improves the cure rate.

5.3 the curative effect of the combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine in the treatment of calcium and phosphorus metabolic disorders in pigs is better than that of simple western medicine, and can be actively promoted and applied in clinic.