The importance of breeding Environment in Chicken breeding

With the deepening of the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure and the internal structure of animal husbandry, the construction of breeding community has been developed rapidly, but because most poultry farmers do not know enough about the breeding environment of chickens, the raising efficiency of chickens is poor. In this paper, several key problems in broiler breeding are described as follows.

1 the harmfulness of poor ventilation

Due to the fast growth rate, strong metabolism and high-density breeding of broilers, with the continuous growth of chickens, more and more fresh air is needed, more and more feces are discharged, and more and more harmful gases are produced. Among them, the most harmful gases to chickens are ammonia and hydrogen sulfide.

Ammonia is a colorless gas with a strong irritating smell, with a small specific gravity and generally rises to the roof in a warm house, but because ammonia is produced on the ground and around chickens, the content on the floor of the chicken house is also relatively high, especially when it is humid and poorly ventilated in the henhouse. The concentration of ammonia in the house is even higher. Chickens are particularly sensitive to ammonia, which irritates the mucous membrane of chickens and can cause conjunctival and upper respiratory tract mucosal congestion and edema. Pathogens spread to thoracic and abdominal air sacs through upper respiratory tract and lung infections, causing respiratory diseases in chickens, resulting in a decrease in feed intake, which not only affected the growth and development of chickens, but also reduced their resistance to the disease. the incidence of chicken Gump-Paul disease and chicken venom plasma disease increased, and the production performance was greatly reduced. At the same time, because there is no diaphragm between the chest and abdominal cavity of the chicken, after the occurrence of respiratory diseases, the chicken will be secondary to digestive tract infection, resulting in the occurrence of colibacillosis, resulting in a significant increase in chicken mortality. Therefore, the concentration of ammonia in the chicken house should not exceed 0.015%.

Hydrogen sulfide is a colorless flammable gas with special rotten egg flavor, and it is irritating and asphyxiating. It comes from the ground, and because of its large proportion, the closer it is to the ground, the higher the concentration. The long-term toxicity of low concentration of hydrogen sulfide can reduce the physique, resistance, lethargy, loss of appetite and production performance of chickens; high concentration of hydrogen sulfide will lead to respiratory paralysis and death. Therefore, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the chicken coop should not exceed 0.5%.

2 measures to maintain good air in the chicken house

2.1 ventilation and ventilation under the premise of ensuring the appropriate temperature, try to ensure the ventilation of the chicken house. The principles that should be mastered are: windows and doors are small and open in the morning and in the evening, big in the heat at noon, small in the wind, and large in the absence of wind, step by step, and not all windows and doors are opened when ventilated. When entering the henhouse and feeling the pungent smell, you must open up ventilation and increase the indoor temperature. In the early stage of feeding, the heat preservation was given priority to, and the exhaust fan was used to give consideration to ventilation; in the later stage, ventilation was given priority to, and heat preservation was taken into account.

2.2 strengthen the hygienic management of chicken sheds when manure is decomposed under anaerobic conditions, harmful gases are formed. Therefore, it is necessary to remove feces in time once a day, increase air circulation and reduce the production of harmful gases. The relative humidity of the air in the chicken house is maintained at 55%-70%. If it exceeds 80%, it is necessary to strengthen ventilation or put some quicklime on the ground to absorb moisture. Manage the drinking water of chickens to avoid overflow or leakage of drinking fountains. Prevent chickens from pulling water sample faeces to slow down the rate of fecal fermentation.

3 other feeding environment requirements

3.1 temperature the breeding environment of the chicken house is the temperature first. The ideal temperature range is different for different kinds of chickens of different ages. In general, the optimum temperature of laying hens is 24: 27 ℃, that of broilers is 1: 22 ℃, and that of newly hatched chicks is 32: 34. Later, with the increase of age, the temperature decreased gradually, that is, with each increase of 1 week, the temperature decreased by about 2 ℃. At the 6th week, the temperature should be kept at 22-24 ℃. In a certain temperature range, the laying rate will decrease with the increase of temperature. The optimum temperature for laying eggs is 13-22 ℃, and the highest temperature for laying rate is 1.5-18 ℃.

3.2 humidity the appropriate relative humidity required for chicks is 60%-75%, and that for adult chickens is 60%-65%. Within this range of relative humidity, the laying rate of adult chickens is the highest. Under the condition of suitable relative humidity, the chicken showed exhilaration, clean and shiny feathers, enhanced disease resistance and increased laying rate.

3.3 the light is generally natural light, and there is electric light, the two kinds of luminosity are suitable, which can promote bone growth and accelerate the growth and development of chickens. In different growth and development stages, the requirements of sunshine hours and illumination are different: the chicken just came out of the shell for 5 days, needs 24-hour light, the illumination is 5~10LX (lux), and can be illuminated with 25W or 40W light bulbs. After that, with the increase of age, the sunshine hours should be gradually reduced by 1.5-2 hours per day, and there should be 8 hours of light on the 20th day. After 18 weeks of age, near the laying period, the sunshine hours should be gradually increased, and the most suitable sunshine hours for laying eggs is 17-18 hours. Therefore, during the laying period, the artificial light source must be used to supplement the sunshine hours before sunrise and after sunset to increase the laying rate. Light is also very important, especially red light and infrared light through visual stimulation of the chicken's pituitary gland, increase hormone secretion, strengthen the vitality of the reproductive system, can improve the laying rate.