Tea cultivation techniques in Alpine area

More than 20,000 mu in Datian County are planted in alpine areas with an elevation of 800,000m above sea level. The annual average temperature is 17.5 ℃, the annual rainfall is 1770mm, the temperature difference between day and night is large, there are many clouds and dew, and the humidity is high. The annual mining period is 10 days later than that of the low-altitude tea area in the county, and the autumn tea ends about 7 days earlier. Therefore, it is necessary to master the following technical points in production and cultivation.

First, seedlings

The main results are as follows: 1. The varieties that are cold-resistant, drought-resistant, pest-resistant, favorable to market competition and cultivation direction, and suitable for local environment and climate. Such as Tieguanyin, Mingke No. 1, Jinxuan and other varieties.

2. The seedlings with height greater than 20cm and stem diameter larger than 2mm, with a certain number of leaves, exuberant roots and no diseases and insect pests are selected. It has two first-order branches of 1mi, which lays a foundation for the rapid growth, early garden and production of tea trees.

II. Colonization

1. Planting period

To make use of the growing period of underground activities, it is beneficial to the elongation and development of root system, and to absorb soil nutrients to supply the nutrients needed for aboveground growth. The planting period of tea seedlings in alpine areas should be carried out in February every year (around the Spring Festival).

2. Technical methods

In the planting ditch of the reclaimed tea garden, the planting tools were used to dig the hole 10-12cm deep, and the diameter of the hole was more than 10cm. The tea seedlings were planted vertically in the hole, filled with soil, compacted, or tamped with agricultural tools to tamp the trigonal soil layer of the seedling stem, then cultured with fine soil 1-2cm, and watered through, the seedlings were planted 1-2cm deeper than normal. It would be ideal if you could choose to plant before it rains. Tea seedlings should be planted in the way of "double row and single plant", the distance between plants is 30cm, and there is a triangle between plants. Covering with 3-5cm thick rice straw or other grass plants in the planting ditch tea line is beneficial to heat preservation and moisture preservation and inhibit the growth of weeds.

3. Pruning

1. Pruning period

The pruning period should be controlled in late May or early June and mid-October after the end of autumn tea.

2. Pruning technology

The main results are as follows: (1) the purpose of stereotyped pruning is to cultivate reasonable tree skeleton and high yield crown in the young stage. It is generally carried out 4 times, and the new tip blade of each cut must be lignified or semi-lignified. The first pruning combined with fixed shearing was planted at the off-ground 15-18cm, and the second, third and fourth fixed shears were required to raise the 15cm at the edge of the previous fixed scissors. After four times of shaping and pruning, the height of the tree has reached 60cm, there is a branch structure of 2Mel grade 3, and a reasonable picking crown is initially formed, which can be put into production.

(2) the purpose of light pruning is to adjust the crown and cultivate a good picking surface. Once a year, the degree of light pruning is to cut off the 3-5cm on the surface, mainly to cut off the small pile heads and useless shoots on the crown surface.

(3) Deep pruning the tree after years of picking and light pruning, using the method of deep pruning to cut off a layer of branches and leaves of 10-15cm in the upper part of the crown, so as to make the tea plant reproduce new branches, improve the germination ability of tea tree, and prolong the high and stable yield years of tea tree.

(4) re-pruning semi-senile and pre-senile tea trees, generally, it is appropriate to cut off the height of the original tree 1 / 2, combined with finishing (cutting), to re-cultivate strong branches and pick the crown.

(5) for tea trees which are very old, it is appropriate to saw (or cut) all the branches at a height of about 10-15cm above the ground, re-cultivate the skeleton structure and pick the crown.

IV. Fattening management

1. Organic fertilizers, such as farm manure, cake fertilizer and commercial organic fertilizer, should be applied in the planting ditch before planting and every winter after putting into production. Mainly commercial organic fertilizer, 200-300kg per mu.

2. Multiple topdressing was carried out in early March, mid-late May and mid-August combined with shallow tillage operations. The main compound fertilizer is N, P and K, and 40-60kg is applied per mu.

3. The technical requirement is to open a ditch with a depth of 15-20cm under the crown edge (20-25cm under the base fertilizer), apply fertilizer evenly in the ditch and cover the soil after application.

4. In the non-picking season, the tea garden carried out 2 10-15cm shallow ploughing and weed removal 3 times a year, and deep ploughing 20-25cm to loosen the soil in the middle of October.

5. Pest control is based on agricultural control, regulating the ecological environment in the tea garden and restraining the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. The garden was closed by spraying 0.5 Bomedo stone sulfur mixture in winter every year to reduce the occurrence density of diseases and insect pests in the following year. According to the occurrence of the disease in the non-picking season, pesticides such as Shigao, methyl thiophanate and half-dose Bordeaux solution can be used to control the disease. The use of highly toxic, efficient, low (no) residual pesticides such as Uranus, kung fu, imidacloprid, matrine, rotenone and so on. The use of pesticides should strictly enforce the safety interval and put an end to the use of pesticides that are highly toxic, high residues and explicitly prohibited by the state.