Rational layout of improved Tea varieties in Liandu District

Liandu District of Lishui City is located in the hinterland of southwestern Zhejiang, the middle reaches of Oujiang River, surrounded by green mountains and clear water, is extremely rich in ecological resources, is a national ecological demonstration area, forest coverage of more than 80%, known as the "green lotus capital". Liandu District has four distinct seasons and a mild climate, which belongs to the mid-subtropical monsoon climate zone. The soil is mainly red-yellow soil and lithologic soil, and the pH value is mostly between 4.5 and 6.5, which is very suitable for tea planting and the tea produced is of good quality.

1. General situation of Tea production and structure of improved Tea varieties in Liandu District

The existing tea garden in the region covers an area of 21400 mu (1 mu = 667m2, the same below). Among them, the production area is 17300 mu, accounting for 80.8% of the total area. In 2006, the output was 356 tons and the output value was nearly 33 million yuan. Among them, the output of famous and high-quality tea reached 276 tons, accounting for 78.8 percent of the total output of the whole year, with an output value of more than 28.8 million yuan, accounting for 84.7 percent of the total output value of tea for the whole year. Tea processing types include flat tea, Biluochun, fragrant tea and so on. In recent years, the newly developed tea garden varieties include Wuniuzao, Longjing 43, white tea, Yingshuang and other improved varieties. The area of the improved tea garden in the region has reached 12900 mu, of which Wuniuzao 4000 mu, Longjing 433000 mu, white tea 3000 mu, Yingshuang 2900 mu, the rate of improved varieties reached 60.36%. In 2006, it was rated as an advanced county for the promotion of improved tea varieties by the Department of Agriculture of Zhejiang Province.

two。 Rational distribution of improved tea varieties

Excellent tea varieties should have the characteristics of high and stable yield, good quality of tea production, strong adaptability and strong resistance to diseases and insect pests and natural disasters under the climate, geographical conditions, cultivation and harvesting system of a certain area. that is to say, it should have good yield, adaptability, adaptability and resistance. The layout of improved tea varieties must be based on local natural conditions, cultivation characteristics and tea requirements to select the corresponding varieties.

The tea garden in Liandu District is mainly mountainous, of which the tea garden with an altitude of 100m to 900m accounts for the majority, and with the increase of altitude, the temperature decreases, the relative humidity increases, there are many clouds, enough water vapor, and the temperature is cool all the year round. On the other hand, the hot temperature in summer in the river valley basin is high, and the extreme high temperature can reach 42 degrees Celsius. The temperature in early spring along the banks of Oujiang River and Bihu Plain below 100 meters above sea level rises relatively late and is easy to cause frost damage. According to the above characteristics, the improved tea varieties in Liandu District can be arranged as follows.

The main results are as follows: (1) it is more suitable to cultivate Wuniuzao variety in the mountain area with an altitude of 200 to 500 meters. The temperature of the mountain at this altitude rises early in spring, and it can effectively avoid the frost in spring, the production is relatively safe, and can give full play to the advantage of early birth of the variety. Wuniu Zao can be mined around February 15, which is one of the most prominent morning tea in Zhejiang Province, and has a strong competitiveness in the market. When this variety is cultivated in the mountain area below 200 meters and along the Oujiang River, it is easy to cause frost damage in spring. at the same time, it does not show the advantage of early tea, and the production benefit is low, so it is generally not suitable to be used. Liandu District has formed a production area of nearly 4000 mu of early tea with Maotian as the center. The early tea produced is of "early quality, high fragrance, long-lasting, strong and fresh", and the advantage of "early tea" is particularly prominent. Every year, it attracts a large number of foreign businessmen, the transaction is hot, and the benefit is considerable.

(2) the early tea variety "Lizaoxiang" can also be developed in the mountain area below 500 meters above sea level, which has strong adaptability and resistance, and the quality of tea is good. The tea was selected from a single plant in the local Jiukeng group in 1993 and germinated early. It was mined in late February in Lishui, about a week earlier than Wuniu and 15 days earlier than Longjing 43 and Yingshuang. It is well adapted, and the dry tea has a good appearance, mellow and fresh taste, good aftertaste, long-lasting chestnut aroma, clear and bright soup color, and has been welcomed by the market in recent years.

(3) it is suitable to develop white tea production in mountainous areas above 500 meters above sea level. White tea is selected from Anji Tianhuangping, which is 800 meters above sea level, which is suitable for planting in areas with high altitude and cool climate, and the lower temperature conditions can give full play to the characteristics and quality characteristics of its varieties. Judging from the production situation in previous years, the cultivation in low altitude and plain areas did not show the "albino" characteristics of varieties, and generally appeared the phenomenon of burning leaves in the period of high temperature, as well as the condition of not being tolerant to fertilizer and barren, which was more "delicate". On the other hand, Shangzhuang and Hengkeng in Dagangtou Town above 500 meters above sea level showed good characters, and a number of typical examples of rapid high yield appeared. For example, Dagangtou Hengkeng Village, 550m above sea level, began to plant white tea in 2003 (at present, the village has an area of more than 200mu of white tea). After planting, the management will be strengthened, and the output value of the second year will reach 2400 yuan; in the third year, the output value of white tea green mu will reach 4800 yuan, and can harvest cutting techniques worth more than 3000 yuan, with an income of nearly 8000 yuan per mu.

(4) Longjing 43, Yingshuang has strong adaptability and good economic characters, so it is suitable to be cultivated in various parts of Liandu District, and better economic benefits can be obtained.