Non-pollution tea tree management technology

Tea garden soil should be ploughed frequently to facilitate microbial activity, accelerate soil ripening, promote the release of mineral elements, and facilitate root absorption. Depending on the soil structure, shallow ploughing is carried out several times a year at a depth of 5 cm to 10 cm, intertillage 2 times to a depth of 10 cm, and deep ploughing once a year or every other year to a depth of 25 cm to 30 cm. Shallow ploughing and middle ploughing can be combined with weeding and topdressing in each tea season, while deep ploughing can be carried out with clear garden or organic fertilizer. Increase the application of organic fertilizer in tea garden to improve the physical and chemical properties of soil and the ability of sustainable supply of nutrients; properly stocking @ # @ 254 soil, using earthworms to loosen soil, increase soil porosity, benefit tea root growth, enhance tree potential, and improve yield and quality. On the basis of the construction of a high-standard "three guarantees" tea garden, grass mulching between the rows of the tea garden before the dry season and rainy season can not only keep water and wash away, but also make use of rotten mulch to increase organic matter and improve soil.

First, according to the soil physical and chemical properties, the ability of water and fertilizer conservation of sandy soil is poor, so it is necessary to apply more fertilizer and partial application of nitrogen fertilizer; because of the strong acidity of red soil, it is easy to cause the relative lack of phosphorus, so phosphate fertilizer should be applied a small amount or many times; while the black loam formed by humus has more organic matter content, better physical and chemical properties, strong soil fertility and less fertilization.

Second, according to the tea fertilizer collected and produced, the yield of spring and autumn tea is the highest and the quality of oolong tea is the best. the proportion of topdressing of spring and autumn tea before harvest should be increased, and the amount of topdressing of spring and autumn tea should account for more than 70% of the total amount of fertilizer applied in the whole year, so as to increase the yield of spring and autumn tea. The topdressing ratio of four seasons tea was 4 ∶ 2 ∶ 3 ∶ 1, and that of five seasons tea was 3 ∶ 1.5 ∶ 15 ∶ 3 ∶ 1.

Third, according to the tea varieties, the varieties with low sprouting ability and more sprouting number, such as daffodils and hairy crabs, should be fertilized more, while the varieties with strong sprouting ability and less sprouting number, such as bergamot and Tieguanyin, can be fertilized less.

Fourth, according to the tree age, the tea garden with old and weak growth should apply more fertilizer and appropriately increase nitrogen fertilizer to strengthen the tree potential; the tea garden with young and strong growth can apply less fertilizer, but should apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer appropriately.

Fifth, fertilizing tea according to the yield level is a leaf crop. It is estimated that for every 50 kg of dry tea, about 2.25 kg of pure nitrogen (equivalent to 5 kg of urea) is taken away from the tree. However, it is necessary to fertilize at least 2-3 times to ensure the overall metabolic activity of tea plants.

6. Fertilizing nitrogen according to fertilizer mainly promotes vegetative growth, and more nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in tea garden. Phosphorus and potassium had a good effect on the formation of root system and skeleton branches, while more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was applied in young tea garden. At the same time, the amount of fertilizer should be determined according to the utilization rate of fertilizer; generally, the utilization rate of nitrogen is 3040%, potassium is about 20%, and phosphorus is only a little more than 10%.

Seventh, balanced fertilization and formula fertilization should be determined according to the requirements of the three elements of tea plants in different periods and the content in the soil. The general young tree is 1 ∶ 1.5 ∶ 1.5 in 1 ~ 2 years old and 2 ∶ 1 ∶ 1 in 3 ~ 4 years old. The peak yield period was 3 ∶ 1 ∶ 1, and the proportion of nitrogen application could be increased gradually with the increase of tree age. In addition, on the basis of adequate application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, trace elements such as copper, magnesium, zinc, molybdenum and boron should be properly supplemented.