Cultivation and management of pollution-free tea trees

1. Cultivation and management of tea garden in its infancy

1. Deep ploughing and soil improvement. Water is an important component of tea plant organism. Deep ploughing and soil improvement can store water and keep water, ensuring good growth and development of tea roots. When deep ploughing, topsoil and subsoil should not be disturbed. They should be placed inside and outside the ditch respectively. When filling, topsoil should be placed at the bottom of the ditch and subsoil should be laid on the top. The depth of deep ploughing should be more than 50 cm.

2. Transplant. Transplanting time depends on the variety, generally in early spring from late February to mid-March, or late autumn and early winter from mid-October to early November, it is advisable to transplant in cloudy or sunny weather after rain, and avoid transplanting in sunny or rainy weather with northwest wind. Single row planting method was adopted, the distance between rows (clusters) was 1.5~0.33 meters, and more than 4000 seedlings were used per mu (3 plants were a cluster). 400kg rapeseed cake fertilizer and 2000~ 4000kg decomposed livestock manure are applied to each mu of planting ditch. Seedlings should choose 1~2 grade seedlings, 1~2 days before seedling irrigation once permeable water, so that the seedbed soil moist, in order to reduce seedling root damage. When seedlings are raised, the roots are planted with soil, transplanted with soil, properly planted (buried root neck is moderate), no fibrous roots are exposed, the roots are extended, properly compacted, irrigated with root water, the base is covered with loose soil, and covered with grass.

3. Management of seedling stage. Frequent weeding, frequent irrigation, thin fertilizer, timely control of diseases and insect pests, in order to achieve seedling protection, Qi Miao and strong seedlings. Young tea garden must be weeded manually, chemical pesticides are prohibited, weeding is carried out four times a year. For perennial tea seedlings, the weeds should be pulled out by hand within 30 cm of seedling boundary as far as possible to prevent loosening tea seedlings and affecting growth, and then weeding should be carried out between rows.

4. Shaping and pruning. It is one of the basic measures for high quality and high yield cultivation of tea tree. Young tea trees must be pruned three times. Different varieties have different growth habits, so pruning techniques are different. Generally, the main branches are cut out at the position 20cm away from the ground for the first time; the backbone branches are cultivated for the second time, and when the tree height exceeds 35cm, the cut is 30~ 35cm away from the ground; the high-yield crown skeleton is formed for the third time, and the pruning height is increased by 15cm on the basis of the second cut. It is required to cut flat and cut off weak branches and diseased branches.

II. Cultivation management after production

1, according to the production of quantitative, scientific fertilization. Promote the application of organic fertilizer and balanced fertilization method, prohibit the application of chemical synthetic fertilizer, urban garbage, etc., and apply organic compound fertilizer. Generally, 12~15 kg of pure nitrogen fertilizer, 4~5 kg of pure phosphorus fertilizer and 4~5 kg of pure potassium fertilizer should be applied for each 100 kg of dry tea, which should be converted into organic fertilizer according to the content of elements. To apply base fertilizer heavily, generally every 100 kg dry tea fertilizer manure, compost, compost 1000 kg or cake fertilizer 90~120 kg, in August to October under the ditch application cover soil. Topdressing was applied one month before tea picking, mainly with decomposed human excrement, biogas slurry and other quick-acting organic fertilizers.

2. Light pruning time. Change the conventional light pruning time before spring tea as follows: ① light pruning before summer tea, that is, light pruning after spring tea, moderately ending spring tea ahead of time, seize the time to carry out light pruning, otherwise, a large number of summer tea has sprouted, affecting the yield of summer tea, pruning degree is mainly light pruning. (2) light pruning after autumn tea, light pruning can be carried out in October after autumn tea, spring tea can germinate early in the next year, early garden opening, pruning degree is appropriate with light pruning.