Cultivation techniques of grafted seedlings of Schisandra chinensis

Fructus schisandra chinensis is a wild fruit tree distributed in northeast china. Its fruit can be used not only as medicine, but also as wine and juice. It is a multifunctional and versatile wild economic plant with high development and utilization value and wide application prospect. Since 1990s, our institute has carried out research on high yield cultivation techniques and new varieties breeding for wild schisandra chinensis resources decreasing and market demand increasing, summarized high yield cultivation techniques of artificial garden construction, plastic pruning, soil management, pest control and other main contents, and bred a new variety "red pearl" and a batch of new strains. This achievement has been widely popularized in three provinces of Northeast China, which is of great significance to the development of authentic medicinal materials and brewing raw materials in North China and the construction of characteristic and efficient ecological agriculture.

In order to meet the large demand for excellent seedlings of Schizandra chinensis, the cultivation techniques of grafted seedlings are introduced as follows:

1 ear selection

1-year-old branches are collected from the superior plants from defoliation to germination in spring of the following year as scions, and stored in sand at low temperature; 1-year-old seedlings are used as rootstocks, and the root diameter is more than 0.5 cm; reserved rootstock seedlings and scions are soaked in clean water for 12 - 24 hours before grafting, so as to prepare for grafting.

2 Grafting

Grafting by cleavage at budding stage (late April). Scion to choose moderate thickness, fully mature branches, cut 4 - 5 cm long, leave a bud eye, bud upper cut 1.5 cm, bud retained about 3 cm. The specific methods are: cutting the two sides of the scion bud eye into a wedge inclined plane with a length of 3 centimeters by using a grafting knife, and placing the cut scion in a water basin for standby; Cut off the aboveground part of the rootstock seedling root (below the part where the transverse stem is produced), cut down from the center of the cross-section of the rootstock, cut down vertically about 3 cm, select the scion with the same thickness as the rootstock and insert it into the cleft, and require one cambium to align, and expose 1 - 2 decimeters of the upper end of the scion cut surface ("white"), and then wrap the scion grafting mouth with a thin film strip. Nursery land is deeply ploughed, raked, fertilized and ridged.

3 Transplanting

When planting seedlings, seedlings should be gently held and placed, and do not make the interface activities. Use pick to break the ridge 15 cm ditch, apply fertilizer, according to 5 - 10 cm plant spacing, put the grafted seedlings in the ditch, fill with fine soil, and seal the ridge after watering. If grafting is adopted in situ, the survival rate of grafting is higher.

Grafted seedlings into nursery, soil drought should be timely watering, weeding and loosening. In mid-June, 30 - 40g ammonium nitrate and 10 - 15g potassium sulfate were applied to each long rice ridge; 40g diammonium phosphate and 10 - 15g potassium sulfate were applied at the beginning of August.