Control techniques of diseases and insect pests of Gastrodia elata

In recent years, we have tried to grow Gastrodia elata several times in our college, and we have achieved a lot, but it is not harmful to diseases and insect pests, which has seriously affected the yield and quality of Gastrodia elata. The causes and prevention methods are introduced as follows:

First, diseases. There are mainly two kinds of diseases that have a great impact on the yield of Gastrodia elata: one is called pathogenic disease caused by harmful microorganisms, and the other is physiological tuber rot.

1. Soft rot of tuber

⑴ symptoms: tubers with soft rot disease, the skin is yellow, the central tissue is rotten, the stem is broken, and the interior becomes odorous slurry. Some tissues are full of yellow-white or brown-red Armillaria mellea hyphae, and in severe cases, the whole cellar is rotten. The cause of ⑵: improper selection of cultivation site and failure caused by alkaline soil cultivation. In the high temperature environment for a long time, the seed hemp is affected by direct sunlight in the process of storage and transportation, or too long in the environment of more than 27 ℃, or soaked, etc.; the cultivation hole is affected by high temperature above 27 ℃ or high humidity above 70%. ⑶ control methods: strict selection of bacterial materials and beds, cultivation sites to choose sour sandy land; strict selection of seed flax, select no disease and insect harm, robust, not harmed by high temperature and humidity; strict field management, control of appropriate temperature and humidity to avoid long-term stagnant water or drought in the hole.

2. Miscellaneous bacteria

The most serious harm to Gastrodia elata and fungus materials is other basidiomycetes similar to Armillaria mellea, the hyphae and fungal cords are similar to Armillaria mellea, but the fungal cords are flat and round, have no luminous characteristics, saprophyte on the fungus materials, compete with Armillaria mellea for nutrition and inhibit the growth of Armillaria mellea. Prevention and control methods: when selecting the training site, we must choose the wasteland with less miscellaneous bacteria, no bacteria or less bacteria in the environment; select excellent strains of Armillaria mellea and increase the amount of strains, resulting in the growth advantage of Armillaria mellea in order to inhibit the growth and reproduction of miscellaneous bacteria; culture and cultivation sites should dig drainage ditches and sterilize in time. If miscellaneous bacteria are found in the process of culture, timely prevention and control measures should be taken.

Second, insect pests. The pests of Gastrodia elata are grubs, jumpers, mole crickets, shell insects, termites and so on. Prevention and control methods:

⑴ and mole cricket: 100 square meters with 90% trichlorfon or 50% phoxim 0.15kg diluted with a small amount of water, mixed with fine soil 10-15kg to make poisonous soil to spread.

⑵ jumpers: they are small and white, and generally live in high humidity. 20-25 ℃ is the most active, and can reproduce 6-7 generations a year. It mainly bites the bacterial membrane in the cortex of the rod, and also eats the tuber of Gastrodia elata, which makes the tuber of Gastrodia elata appear bad hole. In the peak period, it can be sprayed or irrigated with dichlorvos or 0.1% of dichlorvos or 0.1% ivy essence, or fumigated with 4 tablets / m2 of aluminum phosphide.

⑶ termites: in addition to harming fungus materials, termites also eat the protocorms and tubers of Gastrodia elata. In the peak period of damage, termites can be killed with ant-killing powder.

⑷ scale insect: it is mainly pink scale that harms the tuber of Gastrodia elata. It is generally brought into the cellar by trees such as fungus and new materials. After the damage, the growth and quality of Gastrodia elata decreased. In case of harm, Gastrodia elata should be dug up in time, all processed into commercial hemp for sale, it is strictly forbidden to leave seeds, and this hole fungus material should be burned to prevent spread.