Ganoderma lucidum pest: concave yellow mushroom beetle
The concave yellow mushroom beetle (DacnejaponicaCrotch) is also known as the small mushroom beetle and the concave mushroom beetle. It belongs to Coleoptera, Fungicidae.
1. Morphological and habitual adults are 3-4.5 mm long, oval and glossy. Head yellowish brown, antennae 11 nodes, brown. The compound eye is large and spherical. The width of the anterior chest dorsal plate is wider than long, yellowish brown, and deeper in the middle. The inner edge of the base of the sheath wing has a pair of square black spots, the base of the sheath wing is semi-yellowish brown, and the end is black. Feet yellowish brown, thin. From the shoulder angle oblique to the middle seam there are red and yellow markings connected, and the red and yellow markings in the back of the sheath wing almost form a "concave" shape, hence the name concave mushroom nail. Larvae hatch 0.8 mm long, mature 5-6 mm, yellowish white, brown head, light yellow feet.
There are 2 generations a year, and 3-4 generations can occur indoors, overwintering with mature larvae and adults. The activity began in early April and spawned from mid-April to late May. The adults are pseudo-dead and like to live in groups, hatching into larvae from late May to June, pupating in late June, Eclosion into adults in late July, mating and oviposition in mid-August.
two。 In the damage situation, the adults mostly eat the mycelium at the edge of wood cracks or holes, and the fruiting body is transferred to feed on the stalk and cap after the occurrence of fruiting body. Most of the larvae eat into the xylem from the epidermis and eat the mycelium crisscross. It is also harmful to fruiting bodies, forming curved pores, so it has a great impact on the yield and grade of Ganoderma lucidum.
3. Prevention and cure method
(1) do a good job in the hygiene of cultivation sites and warehouses, and deal with pests in time when they are found.
(2) if the Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body produced or purchased by itself is found to be infested by concave yellow mushroom beetle, it should be exposed on more than 45 ℃ cement for 2 days and sealed into the warehouse. If the condition is put in the cold storage below 0 ℃ for 3-5 days, the pests can be frozen to death.
(3) the segment wood or fruiting body with insects can be fumigated with aluminum phosphide to kill insects.
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Ganoderma lucidum pest: big flea fly
Big flea fly (MegaselishalterataWood) synonym common flea fly, Walsing flea fly. It belongs to Diptera, Muscidae. 1. The adult is active in shape and habit, black to dark brown, 2-3 mm in length, short antennae and Awned. The protuberance of middle chest dorsal plate is higher. The larva is maggot-shaped, yellowish to white, the front end of the head is pointed, the body has 11 notches, the back end is obliquely round, there are 2 papillae, posterior valve type. The pupa is brown. The egg is white, oval, and the egg period is about 7 days. Adults have a strong phototaxis.
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Control methods of diseases and insect pests of Gastrodia elata
First, the disease and its prevention and control 1, the cause of the disease. The pathogens of Gastrodia elata disease are mainly basidiomycetes other than Armillaria mellea in fungi, which infect the fresh and fungus materials of symbiotic Armillaria mellea and compete with Armillaria mellea for nutrients, which will not only inhibit the growth of Armillaria mellea and reduce the yield of Gastrodia elata. It will also directly infect the tuber of Gastrodia elata, causing Gastrodia elata rot soft rot (called tuber soft rot) or rot death (called tuber rot). Most of the disease is in bad environment, such as high temperature, high humidity, poor ventilation and so on, which is not conducive to the growth of Gastrodia elata, resulting in the yellowing of the tuber skin of Gastrodia elata.
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