Technology of planting Pleurotus ostreatus in courtyard shed

Building plastic film mushroom shed to cultivate Pleurotus ostreatus by using free space in farmyard has the advantages of low investment, easy control of temperature and humidity, convenient management and good benefit. The main technical points are as follows:

1. The mushroom shed is set up facing south, relying on the west wall or east wall to build the mushroom shed. The location of the shed is slightly higher to prevent stagnant water. Before building the shed, the ground should be cleaned thoroughly to avoid the pollution of garbage, weeds and dirt on the ground. The shed is supported by wooden or cement columns, and the roof is better with bamboo pole structure, covered with film and covered with grass curtain to shade the sun. The mushroom shed is required to have a certain tilt. In general, due to poor sanitary conditions in the farm courtyard, in order to prevent the harm of miscellaneous bacteria and pests to Pleurotus ostreatus, the mushroom room should be insecticidal and disinfected 3 to 4 days before sowing. 1% dichlorvos was sprayed around the shed, sealed for 24 hours and then fully ventilated. The disinfection in the shed can be fumigated with sulfur (10 g / m3), or fumigated with formaldehyde or potassium permanganate, sealed for 24 hours and then fully ventilated, and 1% lime water is sprayed on the walls and pillars of the shed, and a small amount of lime powder is sprinkled on the ground.

two。 The selection of strains can be cultivated in spring with medium and high temperature varieties. When selecting bacteria, the bacteria contaminated by miscellaneous bacteria and the old bacteria that fall off the wall should be eliminated, and the white, dense and sturdy hyphae should be reserved for sowing.

3. The preparation and sowing of culture material the selection of cotton seed shell as culture material has the advantages of convenient cultivation, low contamination rate of miscellaneous bacteria and high yield of mushroom, so it is the first choice for those who plant mushroom for the first time. The cottonseed shell is fresh and mildew-free, and it is best to be exposed to the sun for 1 ~ 2 days before ingredients. The proportion of ingredients is generally: cotton seed shell 100 kg, calcium superphosphate 2 kg, quicklime 1 kg, carbendazim 0.1 kg. It is appropriate to hold the culture material by hand so that there are water droplets between the fingers instead of dripping. The tools used for mixing should be sterilized with 1% lime water.

The cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus in courtyard shed is generally cultivated in plastic bag, and the sowing method of bag planting Pleurotus ostreatus is layer sowing, with one layer of bacteria at each end of the bag and two layers of bacteria in the middle. The suitable sowing rate is 20% of the amount of dry material. The compactness of the culture material is very important, too tight, not enough oxygen, too loose water is easy to evaporate, the mycelium is not in close contact with the culture material, and the mycelium eats slowly. The appropriate compactness should be that the culture material is elastic by hand, but can not be pressed out of the pit, and the bacterial bag is not pleated. After sowing, machine needles were used to make several ventilation microholes at both ends of the bag and in the middle of the bag, so as to improve the ventilation condition in the bag and accelerate the speed of bacteria occurrence. Sow seeds in colder seasons. You can also punch the bacterial bag before packing it.

4. After the completion of the management bag during the germicidal period, the bacterial bag should be put into the mushroom room or mushroom shed to send bacteria, which is usually placed in a wall. The fungus period does not need light, mushroom room should pay attention to shading.

The optimum temperature for mycelial growth of Pleurotus ostreatus was 18 ℃ ~ 22 ℃. The material temperature should be controlled at 24 ℃ ~ 27 ℃. Ventilation 2 ~ 3 times a day, about 30 minutes each time. With the increase of air temperature, ventilation can be increased day and night in high temperature period, grass curtain or paper is insulated in low temperature period at night, light is rolled up during the day, greenhouse temperature is increased, and ventilation is ventilated at noon. From the initial stage of bacteria, we often check the humidity of the bacterial bag, find that the temperature is too high, pour the bag in time, change the position of the upper and lower layer bacterial bag, make its temperature uniform and grow consistent, and check and eliminate the bacterial bag with miscellaneous bacteria at the same time. Be careful not to break the mycelium when pouring the bag, so as not to affect the normal growth of the mycelium.

At a suitable temperature, the hyphae can be "eaten thoroughly" 25 ~ 30 days after sowing, the hyphae turn from snow-white to gray, and yellow water exudates, indicating that the hyphae have reached physiological maturity and began to produce mushrooms. At this time, the temperature difference and scattered light stimulation of 8 ℃ ~ 10 ℃ day and night should be given to promote mushroom emergence. The manager should remove some straw curtains to increase the amount of scattered light in the shed, and appropriately increase the ventilation rate to increase the temperature difference between day and night.

5. The management of the mushroom period when the mushroom period is over, after entering the mushroom period, the bacterial bag should be checked every day. If a bacterial bud is found, the rope at the mouth of the bag is untied, the mouth of the bag is rolled up, and water is sprayed properly in the shed to keep the relative humidity of the air in the shed at 80% 95%. The shed continues to give scattered light, the light is appropriate to read the small print in the shed, lack of light is easy to produce deformed mushrooms. The temperature is kept at 10 ℃ ~ 25 ℃. Oxygen demand increases during the mushroom production period, so it is necessary to increase ventilation, poor ventilation and high carbon dioxide concentration will form Pleurotus ostreatus, which will affect the yield and quality. In order to maintain the relative humidity of the air, spray water to the ground, walls and space 2 ~ 3 times a day, spray gently, carefully and frequently, spray frequently in times of drought and wind, and spray less or no spray on cloudy and rainy days. Remember not to spray water on the bags and young mushrooms at the initial stage of mushroom emergence, otherwise the primordium and young mushrooms are easy to rot and die, and only spray water on the bags and mushrooms when the cover is more than 2 cm.

After the first tide of mushrooms, the film in the middle of the bag can be removed and re-built into a bacterial wall according to the method of one layer of bag and one layer of nutritious soil (mud), which can increase the water and nutrient supply of the bag and significantly increase the yield of mushroom. Nutritious soil (mud) generally choose high-quality vegetable garden soil or clay loam soil rich in organic matter, remove crop residual roots and gravel, add 10% plant ash, 2% calcium superphosphate, 0.5% urea, 3% lime powder, mix well, spray 500x chlorothalonil and 1500 times dichlorvos, add film seal for 2 days.