High-yielding cultivation techniques for bulb breeding of Asian lily in semi-arid area

1. Land selection, soil preparation and fertilization are based on the growth characteristics of Asian lilies. It is necessary to choose the flat and fertile soil of sandy loam with deep soil layer, high content of organic matter, loose texture and energy drainage. After selection, the soil depth is 30 cm, rake fine and flat. Combined with deep flip. 667 square meters of fully mature high-quality agricultural fertilizer 6 cubic meters, each cubic meter of fertilizer should be mixed with 1000 grams of carbendazim and 50 grams of sulfuric acid and 50 kilograms of water. Then make the border in the north-south direction, with a width of 1 to 2 meters, a length of 10 to 15 meters, and a ridge width of 25 to 30 centimeters. Before planting, it can be watered once. When the soil reaches a handheld mass and falls to the ground, it can be planted.

two。 The general time of planting is about the middle of April, and no later than May 1 at the latest. Before planting, the medicated pellets should be soaked in 800 times carbendazim aqueous solution for 30 minutes, and then planted. Generally use picks to open trenches with a depth of 12 cm, row spacing of 20 cm and plant spacing of 8 cm. The root of the ball is facing down, evenly planted in the furrow, spread poison valley, 667 square meters fertilizer diammonium phosphate 25 kg, potassium sulfate 10 kg, covering soil 8 cm 10 cm. After planting, each bed was watered and corn was planted on the ridge at a distance of 1.0 meters, which was used to shade the lily in the later stage.

3. Field management

3.1 Water and fertilizer management does not dry or water before emergence, mainly to increase the soil temperature, but to keep the soil moist. After 15-20 days, the seedlings began to be unearthed, and when all the leaves of the seedlings were unfolded, the first fertilizer was applied with irrigation and 10 kg urea solution was applied every 667 square meters. 20 days later, combined with irrigation, the second fertilizer was applied every 667 square meters with 10 kg of dissolved urea and 2.5 kg of ferrous sulfate. When budding, the third fertilizer is applied in combination with irrigation, and 10 kg of diammonium phosphate and 10 kg of potassium sulfate are applied with the water. In the middle and later stage, we should pay attention to foliar fertilizer spraying, generally starting from the middle of July, according to the growth situation, foliar spraying 2 times 3 times. The main fertilizers are potassium dihydrogen phosphate, borax and multi-element micro-fertilizer. During the whole growth period, drought must be irrigated in time, drainage must be paid attention to in the rainy season, but watering is prohibited 10 days before planting balls are harvested.

3.2 timely ploughing and weeding due to slow growth of lily plants, attention must be paid to preventing grass famine during the whole growth period, and weeds can be pulled out manually in time. After emergence, a small iron hoe 5 cm wide can be used for shallow ploughing, up to 2 cm to 3 cm, especially after each watering. The surface should be ploughed when it is dry. The principle of middle ploughing is that it is easy to be shallow but not easy to be deep, so as to prevent injury to the seed ball.

3.3 picking buds, hoeing diseased plants are easy to appear buds in growth due to the high level of fertilizer and water management and the large size of individual bulbs. After seeing the bud, it should be picked in time to prevent the consumption of nutrition and promote the growth and expansion of the bulb. At the same time, if diseased plants are found in the whole growth period, those with a small number should be dug out with roots in time, taken out of the field and buried deeply or burned centrally. In addition, the leaves of corn below the ear on the ridge should be knocked out in the later stage. Increase light transmission and ventilation to reduce the occurrence of lily diseases. The management technology of maize in the whole growth period is the same as that in the field.

3.4 the main diseases of lily to control diseases and insect pests are blight, gray mold and virus, while the main pests of lily are aphids, Liriomyza huidobrensis and various underground pests. The blight mainly harms the root and stem, but also harms the stem, leaf, flower and seed bulb. There are water-immersed spots at the injured place, then turn brown and wrinkle, the plant withered, and the stem breaks from the injured place and dies. At the initial stage of the disease, 40% ethylphosphates and aluminum 300 times solution, 25% pyrethromycin 500 times solution can be sprayed. Botrytis cinerea is a common disease in cultivation, which harms leaves, buds, stems and flowers. At the initial stage of the disease, 50% thiram wettable powder can be sprayed 600 times, and 70% methyl topiramate wettable powder 800 times. The harm of virus disease is mainly characterized by plant stature, deformity, leaf chlorosis spots or white-green strips and necrosis, twisted leaves, clumps of plants, and flower color variation. 500 times of virus rather wet powder can be sprayed at the initial stage of the disease. Jinerkang 200-fold solution and 20% Ningnanmycin 200-fold solution can also be used to control aphids, while completely eliminating aphids. Underground pests can be controlled by poisonous valley and poisonous soil. Liriomyza huidobrensis can use 10 grams per 667 square meters, spray 50 kilograms of water, and aphids can be sprayed with 1500 times of Bidan.

4. The harvest and preservation of seed balls should be harvested before the soil freezes. In our area, the seeds should be harvested from late September to early October, when the aboveground parts wither. The method is to dig out the seed ball with a four-toothed iron fork, be careful not to hurt the seed ball and root system, and do not immediately separate the mother ball from the son ball, but dry it in a cool place for 1-2 days (never put it in the sun). Then go to the soil and separate the ion ball. If the soil cannot be removed, rinse it with 5: 10 ℃ water, dry it in the shade, classify the size of the seed ball, put it into a plastic bag with peat soil (there are small holes in the plastic bag), and then pack it. Peat soil should be disinfected with 50% carbendazim 800 times solution, and the packed box should be placed in a well-ventilated room of 5 ℃. After 4 weeks, the temperature can be maintained for a long time and can be dormant for about 7 months. If the temperature is well controlled, the bulb can be preserved for more than a year.