Production and cultivation techniques of Oriental Lily cut Flowers in East China

Cut lily is a kind of high-grade flower, and it is also one of the most popular and highest-selling cut flowers in the world. The following is to introduce the production and cultivation techniques of oriental lily cut flowers in East China.

Oriental lily belongs to Monocotyledon subclass Liliaceae and perennial herbaceous plants. It likes cool, moist, sunny climate, proper shade and ventilation. The optimum temperature for growth is 8 ℃ ~ 25 ℃. It requires loose soil, low salinity and good water retention and drainage.

In eastern China, such as Shanghai, it is hot and hot in summer with strong light, while it is dry and cold in winter with weak light, so it is difficult to carry out annual production of lilies and obtain high-quality cut flowers under traditional natural conditions. facility cultivation is generally needed, such as the use of greenhouse, cold storage, heating boiler and other facilities. As the early rooting stage of oriental lily is very sensitive to high temperature, planting from June to September should be avoided in East China, especially in soil cultivation. High soil temperature will seriously affect the quality of cut lily flowers. Oriental lily production can be cultivated by soil or substrate, and there are two kinds of substrate cultivation: box cultivation and seedbed cultivation.

Cultivation steps

(1) thawing. Oriental lilies grown in East China mainly use imported Dutch bulbs, which are generally transported in boxes and frozen. Plant the ball in a short time as soon as possible after the arrival of the ball. The frozen bulb needs to be thawed slowly before planting. Generally, the lid and plastic bags should be opened and placed under 10 ℃ ~ 15 ℃, never under direct sunlight or high temperature. The seed ball should not be frozen after thawing, otherwise it will cause frost damage. If temporary storage is needed, it can be stored in 0 ℃ ~ 2 ℃ for up to two weeks, or in 2 ℃ ~ 5 ℃ for up to one week, and open the bag to prevent the temperature in the box from rising rapidly. High temperature storage and storage for a long time will put away and germinate and affect the quality of bulbs. Pay attention to the wetting of the packaging medium, otherwise the dehydrated bulbs will shorten the main stem and reduce the buds of lilies.

(2) make a border. The soil should be ploughed and cleaned first, and the drip irrigation system (eyedropper) should be installed in place. Then make a border net, the width of the border is generally 1-1.2m, it is best not to exceed 1.4m, otherwise it is not convenient for planting and harvesting and other operations. The support network is generally made of metal or plastic mesh as wide as the border, and the grid is usually a square with 12~14cm side length. The support network needs to be fixed by posts, usually with a pile every 2m to 4m. The pile can be a thin iron pipe or a thin bamboo, etc., but a certain length is required, and the height of 80~100cm above the ground is required, so that the support network can be raised upward.

(3) density. The planting density varies with variety, bulb size, season and soil type. In general, under the condition of poor light or high temperature in winter, the density should be on the low side. In clayey soil, such as peat soil, plants grow fast, so the density can also be reduced. Table 1 shows the minimum and maximum planting density per square meter of different bulbs of oriental lily.

(4) planting. Factors such as the planting speed of the workers, the greenhouse environment of the day, the arrangement of varieties and the planting tools used should be taken into account. The greenhouse should be adjusted to shade, proper ventilation and relatively humid conditions. Take the thawed bulb out of the bag carefully, try not to make a root system, and plant it into the soil as soon as possible to prevent the quality of the bulb from declining due to dehydration. A small planting shovel can be used to dig soil and plant balls, and the balls should be deep enough into the soil. Generally, the thickness of the soil layer above the bulbs is 6~8cm in winter and 8~10cm in summer, which is beneficial to the growth of stems and roots in the future. Pay attention to cover the soil to keep the soil loose to facilitate the growth of roots. After planting, appropriate substances can be used to cover the soil, such as rice bran, straw, etc., which can play the role of heat insulation, moisturizing, preventing the deterioration of soil structure and so on. The better method is to cover a layer of 2~3cm thick wet peat soil, the effect is better.

Environmental control and management

(1) irrigation. A combination of top sprinkler irrigation and bottom drip irrigation can be used. Sprinkler irrigation at the top is generally used before the bud can be seen, and once the bud is unfolded, it can be converted to bottom drip irrigation. No matter what kind of irrigation system, water is required to be evenly distributed. Sprinkler irrigation system is beneficial to uniform water spraying, and to a certain extent, increase relative humidity and reduce temperature. In addition, the seedbed should have a good drainage system, so that the excess water will be discharged quickly. The amount of water is determined according to soil type, greenhouse climate, cultivated varieties, plant growth status and so on. Because lilies have stems and roots to grow in the upper soil, the upper soil must always be properly moist. Watering should be carried out immediately after planting and should be watered thoroughly so that the soil and bulbs can be fully combined and beneficial to the growth of roots. The general way to check soil moisture is to hold a handful of soil with your hand, and if you can squeeze out some water droplets, it indicates that the moisture is appropriate.

(2) temperature and relative humidity. The required temperature of oriental lily varies with the growth stage and so on. During the growth cycle of the first 1/3 (or at least before the stem root grows), the temperature (including ground temperature) should be as low as possible to facilitate the growth and development of the stem root, and the optimum temperature is 12 ℃ ~ 13 ℃. Too low temperature will prolong the growth period, while the temperature higher than 15 ℃ will lead to the decrease of lily quality. In the rest of the growing period, the daily optimum temperature of oriental lily is 15 ℃ ~ 17 ℃. If it is lower than 15 ℃, it may lead to falling buds and yellow leaves. The temperature can usually be controlled at 15 ℃ ~ 16 ℃ at night and 17 ℃ ~ 18 ℃ in daytime, but attention should be paid to avoid excessive temperature difference between day and night. Generally through ventilation, shading, heating and other measures to control the greenhouse temperature. Cultivation temperature requirements of Oriental Lilium

The relative humidity requirement is between 75% and 85%. To prevent sudden changes in relative humidity, this may cause leaf burning in some sensitive varieties. Oriental lily is most prone to leaf burning, which usually occurs before the flower bud unfolds. The symptom is that the young leaves curl slightly inward, and then small yellow-green to white spots appear on the leaves, and then the leaves bend and begin to rot, which in serious cases will cause buds and leaves to wither, and the plant growth will almost stop. The causes are the drastic change of relative humidity in greenhouse, high humidity, lack of ventilation, poor root system of lily, high salt content in soil and so on, which can destroy the balance between plant water absorption and evaporation and cause calcium deficiency in leaf cells.

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