Types of plant feed in fox diet

Plant feed is also an important part of fox diet. Including all kinds of cereals, processing by-products of oil crops and all kinds of vegetables. This kind of feed is rich in carbohydrates and complements the energy needed by foxes.

I. Cereals

Generally feed foxes include corn flour, whole wheat flour and so on. Cereal processing by-products can also be fed to foxes in small amounts. Cereal feed must be crushed and cooked before it can be fed to foxes. The cooking methods adopted in the production site usually include: cooking porridge, steaming nest head, roasting, baking, puffing and so on. The purpose of feed crushing and ripening is to destroy the cell wall, so that nutrients can be directly affected by digestive enzymes, which is conducive to digestion and absorption. The digestibility of the extruded cooked grain feed can generally be increased by about 15%.

The cellulose content of wheat bran is high, and the digestibility of fox is very low. However, wheat bran has loose food and stimulates gastrointestinal peristalsis, which can be added in an appropriate amount. Its dosage generally should not exceed 20% of the total grain feed, otherwise it will cause indigestion and dysentery. In fox diets, the proportion of grain feed is usually 15%-25%.

Second, meal type feed is the product of oil extraction from oilseed. Soybean cake, soybean meal, peeled sunflower seed cake and peeled peanut cake are mainly used for fox feed. This kind of feed contains 35% to 48% crude protein, and contains a certain amount of cystine, methionine and some essential unsaturated fatty acids, which is beneficial to the growth of plush. Generally, it can account for 20% to 30% of the diet, and it can also be flexibly controlled according to different grain requirements in different feeding periods.

In the diet of winter foxes, cake feed can be used instead of 30% of fish feed. In summer and autumn, meal feed is allowed to replace 40% and 50% of meat and fish feed (accounting for the amount of animal protein). When the diet contains a certain proportion of meal feed, the amount of fat-soluble vitamins, free fat and yeast should be increased. When feeding foxes with cakes and cakes, they must be cooked and fed. Generally, they should not exceed 1 / 3 of the amount of grain feed, otherwise they are easy to cause soft stool or diarrhea. Unshelled peanut and sunflower cakes should not be fed to foxes.

Third, root tuber, tuber and fruit and vegetable feed are used for root tuber and fruit and vegetable feed of fox drinks, including carrots, sweet potatoes, forage beets, potatoes, pumpkins, cabbage, turnips, rape, spinach and tomatoes.

The most important feature of rhizome feed is high water content and low dry matter content. As far as dry matter is concerned, the content of crude fiber is low and the content of nitrogen-free extract is very high. When there is a shortage of cereal feed, sweet potatoes and potatoes can be used instead, but you need to listen carefully and feed them after cooking. Fruit and vegetable feed is an important source of vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C and minerals. Vegetables can also help digestion and enhance the palatability of feed. Fruit and vegetable feed contains a lot of water, but also alkaline feed, so it has the function of regulating feed volume and balancing pH, and has a good effect on pregnancy, litter birth and lactation of female foxes. The energy content of fruit and vegetable feed is low, and the proportion in fox diet should not be too large, generally accounting for 3% and 10% of the total feed.

Fourth, the addition of feed and beverage refers to the feed that can supplement the deficiency or lack of nutrients in conventional feed, such as those rich in budding vitamins and minerals.

1. Vitamin feed at present, there are many kinds of vitamin feed, such as cod liver oil, yeast, malt, cottonseed oil and so on.

Cod liver oil: a major source of vitamins An and D. Each fox can be fed 800 to 1000 international units per day. When feeding, it is best to drop it into the bowl after eating. When there is liver and fresh sea fish all the year round, it is not necessary to supply cod liver oil. Keep it sealed and keep it in a cool, dry and dark place, not in a metal container. When using cod liver oil, you should pay attention to the ex-factory date to prevent long-term failure. Feeding spoiled cod liver oil is prohibited.

@ # @ 245mm: rich in vitamin E, mineral phosphorus, calcium, manganese and a small amount of iron, it is an indispensable feed for foxes during the breeding season. The method of wheat malt production: soak the washed wheat malt in water with a little salt for 10 minutes for 15 hours, remove it and lay it on a water plate, 1 cm to 2 cm thick, cover with sacks, put it in a place away from light at 15 ℃, sprinkle water twice a day, keep the wheat grain moist, and feed it after 3 days. Generally, 1 kilogram of wheat can produce 2 kilograms of malt. Malt with moldy roots or reticular white mold should not be fed.

Cottonseed oil: it is also a source of vitamin E, containing 200 mg of vitamin E per 100 grams of cottonseed oil. Refined cottonseed oil should be used when feeding foxes. Crude cottonseed oil containing toxins should not be fed to foxes.

Yeast: is the main source of B vitamins. Yeast is a kind of refined feed used for fox breeding all the year round. The frequently used yeasts are baker's yeast, petroleum yeast, nucleic acid yeast, pulp yeast and active yeast. When feeding foxes, except for medicinal yeast and feed yeast, they should be heated to kill all the live yeasts in the yeast, otherwise the yeast will easily cause gastrointestinal swelling or death after being eaten by the fox. In addition, the vitamin utilization of unheated live yeast is also low.

2. Mineral fodder the mineral feed used in foxes mainly includes bone meal and salt.

Bone powder: a powder made from bones after cooking and drying. It is the main source of calcium and phosphorus. Bone meal contains 40% calcium and 20% phosphorus. Bone meal needs to be supplied all the year round, especially in the breeding season, which is more important for female foxes or foxes, and the supply should be increased appropriately. 10 to 15 grams per day. If the diet can provide fresh broken bone or fish-based feed, bone meal can not be added.

Salt: it is necessary to maintain the normal physiological osmotic pressure of the body. Generally, the daily supply of each animal is 2-3 grams. If the diet is mainly fed with marine miscellaneous fish, salt can be reduced or not given.

3. Other additives the nutrients necessary for the life activities of non-serving foxes are not nutrients in the feed, but they have good effects on the fox body and feed, such as antibiotics and antioxidants.

Antibiotics: substances that inhibit the growth of a variety of microorganisms. Supplying a small amount of antibiotics in fox diets can promote growth, improve the survival rate of cubs, prevent diseases, and delay feed decay. At present, the antibiotics used are oxytetracycline and tetracycline for livestock.

Antioxidants (antacids): substances that inhibit feed fat rancidity. Supplying a small amount of antioxidants in the fox diet can improve the survival rate of the herd and prevent adipose tissue inflammation.

Fifth, full-price dry formula feed according to the nutritional needs of male and female foxes in different biological periods, scientifically stipulate the daily requirements of a fox, so as to work out a feed formula with comprehensive nutritional value, and then according to the formula to evenly mix all kinds of dry feed raw materials according to a certain proportion of feed products, called full-price dry formula feed. It is composed of dry animal feed, mature plant feed, mineral feed and various additive feed.

Dry formula feed is divided into powder feed and pellet feed. The preservation and transportation of dry feed are very convenient, and it is suitable for use in farms that lack the source of fresh fish feed and do not have the storage conditions of fresh feed. Foxes are fed 200 grams of 250 grams per day, or according to the instructions. Ensure adequate drinking water when feeding dry feed.