Cultivation techniques of early peach in Cangfang

In 2000, Cangfang Zaosheng peach was introduced from Shandong in Zhangjiagang city for trial planting. The variety showed strong tree potential, strong sprouting and branching ability, early fruit bearing; fruit nearly round, average single fruit weight 225 g, maximum fruit weight 500 g; peel milky white, sunny face red or with rose stripes, not easy to peel, milky white flesh slightly reddish, hard solute, resistant to storage and transportation, soluble solids content 12%, sticky core. Mature at the end of June in Zhangjiagang City.

First, planting. Choose high-lying fields to build a garden in autumn. Dig ditches with a width of 1 meter and a depth of 50-60 centimeters, and sprinkle 1000 kilograms of straw, weeds, branches and other things per mu. 2000 kg of organic fertilizer and 150kg of superphosphate per mu were mixed with the soil and applied into the ditch, then irrigated and settled, and made a horseback ridge with a height of 20 cm. Planting before and after the Spring Festival, line 5 meters, plant spacing 4 meters, each good. Configure one line of pollination tree for every 5 lines.

Second, fertilizer and water management. In the first two years after planting, 250 grams of urea were applied per plant during sprouting, 250 grams of compound fertilizer and 1-1.5 kilograms of cake fertilizer per plant from May to June, 30-40 cm deep from September to October, and appropriate amount of organic fertilizer and calcium superphosphate. In the third year, 0.3% boron fertilizer was sprayed once before and after flowering, and 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 500 grams of potassium sulfate were applied to each plant in mid-late May. Three years later, when the tree sprouted, nitrogen fertilizer was applied properly according to tree potential, boron fertilizer was sprayed at flowering stage, 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer was applied 1-1.5kg per plant in mid-late May, potassium sulfate was 1kg, and organic fertilizer was applied 1500 kg per mu from September to October. Keep the gutter depth 80 cm, the inner ditch depth 60 cm, and the ridge ditch depth 40 cm to prevent stagnant water in the field.

Third, plastic surgery and pruning. The shape of the tree is naturally happy with the three main branches. The trunk of the living tree is 50-60 cm long. When the length of the new shoot is 40 cm, three new shoots with strong growth, uniform distribution and more open shoots are selected as the main branches, and the other branches are left with 25 cm coring to promote secondary branches. The bracing and pulling methods are used to adjust the angle between the main branches to 120 degrees and the opening angle to 45 degrees. Summer shearing removes the upper dorsal branch, and winter shearing removes the main branch elongated branch 1ax 3-1pm 2. In the second and third years, there are 1 lateral branch every 60 cm on the main branch, with a total of 6-9 lateral branches. Heavy pruning of the main branch and light pruning of the side branch to adjust the growth potential of the side branch so that the opening angle is 60-80 degrees. In the early fruit stage, winter cutting thinned the strong branches, slender branches and dense branches around the crown, gently cut and released the fruiting branches, strengthened the culture of the fruiting branches in the full fruit stage, and rejuvenated the fruiting branches by using the method of double branch renewal or single branch renewal to control the outward movement of the fruiting parts.

Fourth, flower and fruit management. During the flowering period, artificial pollination was carried out after 9 o'clock every day. The fruit was thinned once 15 days and 30 days after anthesis, more fruit was left in the outer and upper part of the crown, less fruit was left in the inner chamber and lower part, and about 300 fruits were left in each plant.

Fifth, prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. The main diseases and insect pests of peach trees are bacterial perforation, anthracnose, brown rot and heart-eating insects, aphids, scale insects, mites and so on.