Flowering and fruiting techniques of peach, apricot and plum in the same plant

In order to meet the needs of people to appreciate flowers and fruits, we used peach trees as rootstocks to graft early, middle and late ripening plums, apricots and peaches on the same tree. Through a 4-year experiment, we achieved a complete success, and achieved the formation of a certain crown and flowering in the same year. In the second year, there were 70-80 trees, the flowering period was about 45 days, the flowering period was about 25 days, and the fruit-hanging period was as long as 6 months. Not only can enjoy the flowers, but also can enjoy the fruit, at the same time edible, deeply loved by the broad masses. The key technologies are summarized as follows.

1 cultivation of rootstock seedlings

In order to use rootstock seedlings in open field, 3 ~ 4-year-old peach should be selected and pruned one year before grafting. It is required to keep the three main branches and the central leading trunk, and the distribution of the main branches should be uniform, preferably in the southeast, southwest and due north, but the tree shape should also be considered. Pruning should be heavy and short, and at least 5 or 6 pruning parts should be reserved for each main branch (including the central trunk) (the grafting site in the coming year), so that it can produce robust 1-year-old branches for grafting.

Potted rootstock seedlings should select 2-3-year-old peach with well-developed root system and strong growth as rootstock, dry at the plump buds around 40cm, keep lateral branches, cut heavily at full buds, and trim properly according to the requirements. Then plant it in the prepared flowerpot (the height and diameter of the pot should be larger than 60cm). The planting depth should not be too deep, and the soil depth should be in the middle of the field, then watered and placed in the sunny leeward. The suitable planting time is after the soil is thawed in spring and before the peach tree germinates.

For the selected rootstock trees, after the seedlings germinated, there were 3-4 lateral branches in each main branch and 4-5 strong buds in the central trunk, which were used as the grafting sites for key culture, and the orientation of the remaining branches was arranged according to the 15~20cm distance as far as possible. Coring when the new shoot grows to 30~40cm, and then repeatedly when the secondary shoot reaches 10~15cm to increase the thickness of the new shoot, and pay attention to applying a small amount of available nitrogen fertilizer for many times to accelerate the growth. If the growth angle of the new shoot is too small, it is appropriate to take the branch to increase the angle, which should not exceed 45 °. During the growing season, pay attention to timely watering, and pay attention to the control of aphids. The mixture of Zhizijing and high quality foliar fertilizer can be sprayed every 7 days (days) to control insects and promote growth.

(2) timely and timely grafting

After the rootstock seedlings grew healthily for one year, the rootstock seedlings were regrafted by the method of multi-head high grafting before germination in the following spring. The practice shows that the grafting of 16 and 20 parts of 3-year-old and 4-year-old trees has high survival rate, rapid crown expansion and early fruiting stage. Single-bud or double-bud abdominal grafting and split grafting can be used in the grafting method. With wide 2~3cm plastic film dew bud wrap (scion and graft joint are all covered), for the sake of safety, plastic film can be used to strengthen the interface.

3 matching and grafting position of varieties

3.1 varieties match

Hairy peaches are mainly sand Zaosheng, Xinchuan Nakajima, China Birthday Bun with Bean Paste Filling, nectarines are dawning, Yanguang, extra-large oil king, longevity red and other varieties, plums are mainly Dashi Zaosheng, Angelno, black gemstone, apricot is mainly test-tube early red, Hongfeng, new century, Kate apricot and so on.

3.2 grafting position

The three main branches grafted peach, apricot and plum respectively, and the central leader grafted plum and apricot 2 tree species. Because of the strong light preference of peach, peach varieties were grafted in the south or south direction, and plum and apricot were grafted in the north direction. According to the principle that the early-maturing variety, the middle-maturing variety and the late-maturing variety are the outermost, the grafted position is as close to the base of the main branch as possible, with strong germination and fast growth.

4 scientific management of grafted trees

After the grafting survived, the sprouting of rootstocks outside the main branches and buds were removed in time to concentrate their nutrients and promote the germination of grafted buds. After the grafting buds germinated, the management of fertilizer and water should be strengthened, when the new shoots reached 10~15cm, the cords were picked and branched, and when the secondary shoots reached 20cm, the cords were picked continuously to promote flower formation. At the same time, foliar fertilizer was sprayed every 7 days (days), and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be applied together. In the second year, if the tree growth is too prosperous, we can pick the coring and take branches for many times to weaken the power, combined with spraying paclobutrazol to control the growth of new shoots, promote the formation of a large number of flowers, and successfully enter the high yield period. At the same time, attention should be paid to the control of aphids, red spiders, peach borer, peach heart borer, shell insects, leaf spot disease, bacterial perforation, gum disease and other diseases and insect pests at any time.