Key points of high-yield cultivation techniques of pollution-free garlic

Chengbei of Meijiang District is located in the urban area of Meizhou, which is the main base of vegetable production in Meizhou. Garlic is one of the main vegetables cultivated in our district. Chengbei Town is far away from industrial and mining areas, and there are no "three wastes" emission enterprises around. The atmospheric environment of the farmland is good, the irrigation water quality and soil environmental quality are in line with the production conditions of pollution-free vegetables, the soil is deep, the soil is fertile, and the content of organic matter is more than 1.0%, which is suitable for the growth of garlic.

1 soil preparation and sowing

1.1 the depth of soil preparation is about 20cm, and it should be ploughed carefully, raked flat, raked solid, without obvious bumpy, so as to achieve "neat, loose, broken and clean". The length of the border is determined according to the water source, and the border is planted. The border is 80 ~ 100m long and 4.2 ~ 4.4m wide.

1.2 select artificial peel and break peel, remove the tray and stem plate of garlic, grade according to large, medium, small and garlic heart, and treat small garlic cloves according to specific conditions. Seed selection requirements are pure white without red tendons, no scars, no saccharification, no light skin. Seed size is the key to high yield. Choose the seeds around 5g/ for seed use.

1.3 sowing garlic at the right time. The planting time is at the end of Bailu and the beginning of the Autumn Equinox (late September and early October), and the temperature is about 17 ℃. The garlic cloves should be dried for 1 or 2 days before sowing.

1.4 reasonable close planting general row spacing 20cm, plant spacing 16~17cm, planting about 20 000 plants per mu. Trench planting, ditch depth of about 5cm, after planting garlic covered with soil about 1cm.

2 field management

2.1 the amount of water needed to irrigate garlic is relatively large, and it is generally necessary to irrigate garlic 4 times during the whole growing period.

2.1.1 plastic mulching water garlic should be watered in time after sowing, 100 cubic meters per mu. So that fully watered thoroughly, a plant does not leak, is conducive to the germination of garlic and plastic film cover.

2.1.2 strong seedling water is watered around the first ten days of April or when the ground temperature is above 15 ℃. Help to promote the growth of garlic, promote garlic to grow strong seedlings, grow seedlings.

2.1.3 bolting water garlic bolting should be watered as soon as it comes out to meet the moisture needs of garlic bolting, and water should be watered thoroughly in this period.

2.1.4 after the garlic bolts were pulled out and watered with inflated water, the expansion of garlic was promoted.

2.2 plastic film mulching is the key to increase the yield of garlic, which can increase the ground temperature, decompose organic matter quickly, reduce water evaporation, and meet the environmental needs of garlic. After pouring plastic mulching water, the ground is still slightly sunken, artificial mulching is carried out to tighten the plastic film and press both sides firmly to prevent the plastic film from being lifted when there is a strong wind in autumn and winter.

2.3 when releasing garlic sprouts to break the soil, the plastic film should be punctured in time to make the seedlings exposed. Generally, in the morning or evening, when the temperature is low and the plastic film is elastic, gently pat the plastic film with a new broom or use a bamboo rake.

2.4 during the growing period of artificial weeding garlic, the temperature is relatively low, and the harm of weeds is mainly after the Spring Festival. The method is to use iron bar or 8mm steel bar to break the "7" shaped trench and break the plastic film to eradicate weeds.

2.5 the best time for pulling garlic bolts is to bend the upper part of the garlic bolts from the bottom to the top. The method is to carry it gently by hand from 11:00 to 3 p.m. Every day.

3 fertilization

The principle of pollution-free garlic fertilization is mainly organic fertilizer, formula application of a small amount of chemical fertilizer; based on base fertilizer, supplemented by topdressing.

In late September, high quality farm manure (fully mature barnyard manure, compost and cake manure) 5000kg, urea 20kg and potassium sulfate 10kg were applied per mu. It is required to spread evenly, and then turn the cultivated land deeply.

3.2 in the first ten days of April in the second year of topdressing, combined with watering strong seedlings, urea 10kg was applied per mu. In the middle of April, 0.5kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed in 50kg water per mu.

(4) Disease and pest control

As the cultivation of pollution-free garlic is mainly organic fertilizer, the plant has strong disease resistance, coupled with the low temperature during the growing period of garlic, the occurrence of garlic diseases and insect pests is relatively light, and the common diseases and insect pests are leaf blight and garlic maggots.

4.1 Leaf blight is a major disease in the growth process of garlic. when the damage is serious, garlic is not easy to bolt, which affects the yield of garlic. the general control method is to use 100g 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder per mu at the initial stage of the disease in mid-April. Spray once after diluting the water.

4.2 the occurrence of garlic maggots is not common in general years, and the plots with heavy occurrence of garlic maggots can be combined with soil preparation. When planting garlic and opening ditches, applying plant ash 40kg per mu can effectively control the occurrence of garlic maggots. When the harm of garlic maggots is more serious, drugs can be used to prevent and cure it. The control method is to use 50% phoxim EC 100ml per mu in late April. After diluting the water, the garlic root is filled with medicine.

5 timely harvest

Garlic harvest season is generally in mid-late May, around Lesser Fullness of Grain, when the garlic leaves yellow, garlic cloves protruding can be harvested. After harvest, the garlic should be dried in time to make it dry thoroughly, and to prevent exposure to the sun and saccharification. The usual method is to dry the garlic leaves and heads in the field for 10 hours, then cut off the garlic whiskers (be sure to cut flat and clean, do not hurt the garlic body), and continue to dry the garlic in a ventilated place. when the garlic stalks are 80 or 90% dry, cut the garlic under the 2cm, bag it, and continue to dry in a ventilated place, but not directly. Remove the residual plastic film in time after the garlic is harvested.