Model high-yield cultivation techniques of pollution-free garlic

Laiwu City, Shandong Province is known as the "three spicy" hometown, the production of ginger, garlic and other exported to many domestic large and medium-sized cities and the international market, and garlic plays an important role. For a long time, due to the unreasonable use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, the content of pesticide residues and heavy metals in garlic exceeded the standard, which has become the bottleneck of the sustainable development of garlic industry. Therefore, by summarizing the high-yield research, experiment and demonstration of garlic in recent years, the model high-yield cultivation techniques of pollution-free garlic were put forward.

1. Sow seeds at the right time. Sowing in late September, the planting density should be 20 ~ 24000 plants per 667m2, row spacing 18cm, plant spacing 16~18cm.

two。 Prepare the soil and fertilize. Select the fertile land with deep soil layer, good irrigation conditions, flat terrain, soft plough layer, rich organic matter, strong ability of fertilizer and water conservation and drought resistance, pH value between 6.5 and 7.5, and far away from cities, industrial and mining areas, main transportation lines and surrounding enterprises without "three wastes" discharge enterprises, farmland atmospheric environment is good, irrigation water quality and soil environment should meet the Environmental quality Standard of pollution-free Agricultural products producing areas. Deep ploughing and leveling, fine raking. To achieve the upper loose and lower solid, the ground is flat. Mainly organic manure, combined with bio-organic fertilizer, combined with soil preparation. Organic fertilizer 5000kg and bio-organic compound fertilizer 100kg 40kg potassium sulfate are used for every 667m2. After applying the fertilizer, mix it well with the soil to prevent the seedlings from burning. 5% phoxim granule 1.5~2kg was used to fine 60kg every 667m2 before sowing, and spread along the ridge. Or apply 200g of 50% phoxim EC to water 5~7kg, spray-sifted fence fertilizer or dry fine soil 50~70kg in the sowing ditch.

3. Select improved varieties and seed treatment. Give priority to Laiwu white garlic, soak the seeds with 50% carbendazim or 50% carbendazim for 6 hours, then fish out and sow the seeds. Or use 50% Sukeling wettable powder every 667m2 with 100g / 150g water 2kg, mix garlic seed 250kg and then dry and plant. Or soak the seeds with Genkang 80-120 times solution for 30-50 minutes.

4. Management at emergence stage. About 7 days after sowing, when garlic enters the seedling stage, the membrane should be broken manually in time, and the hole of artificial film should be small to ensure the effect of heat preservation and moisturization of plastic film; depending on the soil moisture when the seedlings are unearthed to 2 leaves and 1 heart, water is irrigated for the first time to promote seedlings, and after Lesser Snow, overwintering water is watered once according to weather changes. When the garlic seedlings turn green in the next spring, pour back the green water before returning the mother.

5. Long-term management of garlic bolting. It is necessary to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, spraying biological fertilizer 40kg every 667m2 and watering one water every 5-6 days according to weather conditions.

6. Management of garlic expansion period. It is necessary to do a good job of foliar fertilizer spraying and timely watering, give full play to the function of leaf roots in this period, promote the transfer of storage nutrients to the bulb, stop watering 5-7 days before harvest, and make garlic mature. In order to facilitate the harvest of garlic, the soil moisture can be watered thoroughly 1-2 days before harvest to loosen the soil.

7. Comprehensive prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds. (1) Chemical weeding. Before covering the film after sowing garlic, choose herbicides such as 40% ginger and garlic grass EC, spray the water according to the instructions, and then cover the film. (2) Disease control. 1% Wuyisin, a biological pesticide, was sprayed before (the beginning) of the disease to control Botrytis cinerea. The biological pesticide 2% Ningnanmycin was sprayed before the onset (early) to prevent and control the virus. At the initial stage of the disease, 50% Baogong wettable powder was used to prevent and cure the virus. (3) pest control. Seed fly occurrence plots, combined with watering, 50% phoxim EC 0.75~1kg per 667m2, 10 times mother solution, and then flushing with water to control seed fly larvae; during the overwintering generation of adults, 2.5% trichlorfon powder was used, 1.5kg was used for every 667m2, or 2.5% deltamethrin EC was used, 30ml was used for every 667m2, and 75kg was sprayed on the water.

8. Harvest at the right time. (1) garlic stalk harvest. The garlic bolts should be harvested in time after growing, which can change the transport direction of plant nutrients, transfer the nutrients transported to the garlic bolts to the underground bulbs and accelerate the expansion of garlic. (2) garlic harvest. About 20 days after bolting, when the garlic leaves turn gray-green, the bottom leaves are withered and yellow, and the pseudostems are soft and fully expanded, they should be harvested in time. Prevent rain in the process of drying after harvest, and pay attention to moistureproof and heat protection, so as not to blacken the garlic skin.

9. Product safety control measures. (1) the use of pesticides with high toxicity and high residue in garlic production is strictly prohibited. Popularize the use of bio-pesticides and bio-organic compound fertilizers. (2) strictly implement the pesticide application concentration specified in the national standards and the above technologies, and shall not arbitrarily increase the concentration (or dosage). (3) the pesticide safety interval should be strictly enforced, and pesticides should not be used 10 days before garlic stalk harvest. (4) to control the seed fly and apply the pesticide covertly as far as possible to reduce the ground powder spray. (5) garlic should pass the pesticide residue test.