Comprehensive management technology of garlic

In the production and management of garlic, the early management is relatively simple, and the plant depends on the vegetative growth of garlic. When it grows to 5-7 leaves before winter, it can survive the winter safely. After the beginning of spring, with the rise of temperature, the root of garlic grows for the second time. After quitting the mother, it immediately entered a vigorous growth, and the yield of garlic was formed in this period, and this period was also a period of high incidence of diseases and insect pests. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the management of garlic in spring to lay a good foundation for the high yield of garlic.

I. Management of the rejuvenation period

After "startling", with the rise of the temperature, the garlic began to turn green. In this period, the overwintering mulch of garlic should be removed in time, the green water should be poured well, and the green fertilizer should be applied every 667 square meters to promote the growth of garlic.

II. Management of the withdrawal period

Garlic began to withdraw from its mother in early April. This is the season of high incidence of garlic maggots, which also causes the yellow tip of garlic. In order to effectively prevent the occurrence of garlic maggots and reduce the yellow tip of garlic, 1000 times of phoxim EC should be sprayed in late March to control adult garlic maggots. Water should be poured once, urea 15kg should be applied every 667m2, and phoxim 0.25kg should be applied with water, which can effectively alleviate the yellow tip caused by withdrawal of mother and garlic maggots and promote the normal growth of garlic. Since the middle of April, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1500-2000 times liquid was sprayed to prevent garlic gray mold, 40% carbendazim 500times solution or ethyl aluminum 600 times solution was used to prevent leaf blight, and 1000 times solution was used to prevent garlic virus disease. Once every 7-10 days, generally 2-3 times in a row.

Third, the growing period of garlic bolts

This period is the critical period for the growth of garlic and the critical period of water and fertilizer demand for garlic: water demand accounts for about 40% of the whole growth period, and fertilizer accounts for about 50% of the whole growth period. During this period, the garlic field should be kept moist, usually watered every 7 days until harvest. When the ternary compound fertilizer 20kg was applied every other time, the watering of garlic stalk was stopped 3-5 days before harvest.

IV. Garlic expansion period

In the middle of May, the garlic stalk expanded after harvest. Pay attention to keep the garlic field moist, generally watering once every 5-7 days, and watering 2-3 times during the whole garlic expansion period. Stop watering garlic 3-5 days before harvest to facilitate harvest.

5. Harvest time

1. Harvest time of garlic bolts: garlic bolts began to be harvested in the first and middle of May. After watering garlic bolts 3-5 days before harvest, there are three harvest standards: one is that the hook of garlic bolting is in the shape of a large scale, and the 4~5cm length above and below the bud should be horizontal (called bolting); the second is that the bud is obviously expanded, the color changes from green to yellow, and turns white (called white bud); third, there is 4~6cm turning yellowish on the near leaf sheath of garlic bolting (called swinging yellow). Generally speaking, the harvest should be at noon and afternoon on a sunny day. During bolting, attention should be paid to protecting garlic leaves, especially flag leaves, to prevent premature senescence, to prevent leaves from lifting or breaking to affect the growth of garlic, to harvest garlic bolts cleanly, and to reharvest the lower part of garlic bolts to prevent the secondary growth of garlic bolts. thus affecting the yield and quality of garlic.

two。 Garlic harvest: at the beginning of June, most of the basal leaves of the garlic plant dried up, and the upper leaves began to fade, then gradually dried up from the leaf tip to the leaf body, and the plant was in a soft state, such as compressing the garlic stalk to one side to the ground, showing that the garlic was not brittle and tenacious, it showed that the garlic had matured and began to harvest garlic. Stop watering garlic 5-7 days before harvest to prevent excessive soil moisture, rotten cloves and loose garlic. Harvest should be handled gently, do not knock do not touch, so as to avoid garlic injury, reduce the value of goods.

VI. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

The main diseases of garlic are purple spot, leaf blight, rust, leaf spot, bacterial soft rot, mosaic disease and virus disease.

Agricultural control: select disease-resistant varieties, reasonable close planting, crop rotation, clean fields, strengthen ploughing and weeding, and reduce the number of diseases and insect pests. Harvest at the right time.

1. Purple spot disease

Symptoms: most of the disease in the field began at the tip of the leaf or the middle of the garlic stem, spread to the lower part a few days later, initially showed a slightly sunken white spot, the center was slightly purple, and after expansion showed a yellow-brown spindle-shaped or oval spot. When the humidity is high, the disease part produces black mildew, and the disease spot has concentric wheel lines, which is easy to be removed from the disease part.

Prevention and treatment: spray 3% oxygenated dehydrated agent or 78% Cobo wettable powder or 41.5% prochloraz EC or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, or 64% disinfectant alum wettable powder, or 50% isobarbazide wettable powder at intervals of 7 to 10 days, stop using medicine 7 days before harvest, and the effect of ultra-low dose spray is obvious.

two。 Garlic leaf blight

Symptoms: mainly harmful leaves or leaf stalks, leaf infection mostly begins at the tip of the leaf, initially showing white dots of flowers, irregular or oval gray-white or grayish-brown spots after expansion, black mildew occurs on them, and the diseased leaves die in severe cases. Leaf stem infection is easy to be removed from the disease department, and finally many black grain spots are scattered in the disease department, which is not bolting when the harm is serious.

Prevention and treatment: 50% mesilate wettable powder or 50% carbendazim sulfonate wettable powder was sprayed during garlic bulb flower bud differentiation and garlic bolting period, and the use of carbendazim was stopped 10 days before harvest. The effect of ultra-low dose spray is obvious.

3. Garlic rust

Symptoms: mainly infect leaves and pseudostems. At the beginning of the disease, there was a fusiform chlorotic spot, and then a round or oval slightly protruding pile of summer spores appeared under the epidermis. After the rupture of the epidermis, there was an orange-yellow powder, that is, a black pile of teliospores with unruptured epidermis.

Prevention and treatment: check the disease center in time in early spring, spray prevention, choose 15% triadimefon wettable powder, or 20% triadimefon wettable powder or 97% diazepam sodium wettable powder or 25% enemy emulsifiable concentrate at intervals of 10 to 15 days. The effect of ultra-low dose spray was obvious, and the drug was stopped 7-10 days before harvest.

4. Garlic gray leaf spot

Symptoms: mainly harmful to leaves. The disease spot is long oval, light brown at first, and then gray-white. The disease spot on both sides of the leaf gives birth to a fine gray-black mildew, that is, the fungus fruiting body, and the serious disease spot converges, causing local death of the leaf.

Prevention and treatment: 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder was sprayed at the initial stage of the disease, or 50% sulfur suspension, or 65% methicarb wettable powder, or 12% turpentine copper EC, or 47% Chunwang copper wettable powder, or 50% polycarbamide wettable powder was prevented and treated twice at an interval of 7 days. the effect of ultra-low dose spray was good, and the drug was stopped 7 days before harvest.

5. Garlic virus disease

Symptoms: the whole plant was damaged, the diseased plant was dwarfed or the leaves were shrunk and twisted, and some showed yellow-green mottled mosaic or chlorotic stripes. The underground bulb of the diseased plant became smaller, resulting in a yield reduction of more than 20%. Aphids are rampant. The growth of plants with partial application of nitrogen fertilizer is too prosperous or bad, and the overall fertilizer is insufficient and the disease is serious.

Control: 50g zinc parathion or imidacloprid 50g per 667 square meters plus repellent pesticide 50g spray to kill aphids, combined with aphid repellent spray at the same time to promote plant growth, improve resistance, regular seedling inspection, timely extraction of diseased plants, reduce the source of virus in the field. At the initial stage of the disease, 7.5% virus morpholine guanidine water agent or 2% Ningnanmycin water agent, or 0.5% mushroom protein polysaccharide water agent was sprayed. Spray once every 7-10 days, 2-3 times in a row, the effect of ultra-low dose spray is better.

6. Insect pests of garlic

The insect pest of garlic is mainly garlic maggot, which harms the bulb and causes the garlic cloves to leak out, unlike the finished garlic, the commodity price is low.

Prevention and treatment: put an end to the use of methamidophos, methamidophos, monocrotophos, 1605, methyl phoxim, isocarbophos scales, methomyl and other pesticides explicitly prohibited by the state, use phoxim pesticide 100g, add repellent biological pesticides 50g, use ultra-low volume sprayer to kill flies, cut off maggots, there will be no garlic maggots. The application of 0.25kg phoxim with water during the withdrawal period can effectively prevent the harm of garlic maggots.

In short, the reproductive growth of garlic depends on garlic leaves. Only by making leaves and slices strong, can they absorb carbon dioxide to produce chlorophyll under sunlight for garlic growth; there is a layer of wax on the surface of garlic leaves, and only by using low-dose spraying technology, pesticide spray particles can adhere to garlic leaf entities, and the effect of killing and treating diseases will be good.