High yield and good quality cultivation techniques of garlic in Hangzhou area

Garlic belongs to the genus Allium of Liliaceae and is an important spice vegetable. At present, the planting area of garlic in China is gradually expanding, in addition to the main producing areas of Shandong Province, Jiangsu Province, Henan Province, other areas are also widely cultivated, among which the Yangtze River Basin is also an important garlic producing area. Due to the differences in climatic conditions, the cultivation techniques of garlic in different regions have their own characteristics, and the cultivation and management methods are also different from those in other regions. In this paper, the high quality and high yield cultivation techniques of garlic in Hangzhou are introduced as follows.

1. Land selection and preparation

Garlic likes fertilizer and water, the root water absorption is very weak, and the soil is suitable for sandy loam with fertile and good drainage. Garlic avoid continuous cropping, should not take onions, leeks, onions and other crops as the previous crop, can choose precocious beans, cucumbers, tomatoes, potatoes, corn and other crops as the previous crop, but also intercropping with grain. Autumn sowing garlic in the Yangtze River basin is generally ploughed and dried in time after the previous harvest. Before ploughing, rotten farm fertilizer 4000~5000kg, cake fertilizer 100~150kg, standard nitrogen fertilizer 50kg, phosphate fertilizer 30kg, potassium fertilizer 30kg are applied every 667m2, and then intensive cultivation and leveling of the border are made into high furrows and deep ditches to facilitate drainage.

2 selection of improved varieties

Garlic varieties with large head, high yield and strong disease resistance are selected. the main cultivated varieties in this area are Jiading garlic, Xuzhou white garlic, Hangzhou white garlic, Sichuan Chengdu Ershuizao and so on. Among them, Jiading garlic, Xuzhou white garlic and Hangzhou white garlic belong to white skin species, whose garlic head is big and spicy, while Chengdu Ershui in Sichuan has long been a purple skin species with large and small garlic heads, few petals and strong spicy taste.

3 sowing seeds at the right time

3.1 selection and treatment of garlic cloves

The garlic cloves used for sowing should have the typical characteristics of this variety, with large garlic head, no damage and no deformity. Grading garlic cloves before sowing, do not mix large and small kinds of garlic together, so as not to affect the yield and quality. In order to break dormancy and promote germination, garlic cloves can be peeled before sowing or soaked in water for 1-2 days before sowing, or soaked in 500 times of 50% carbendazim for 10-12 hours. In addition, garlic cloves could germinate much earlier when they were treated at a low temperature of 0.4 ℃ for one month.

3.2 sowing time

Garlic is a cold-loving crop, which is suitable for winter planting in the south. The optimum temperature for germination, stem and leaf growth is about 22 ℃, 15-20 ℃ and 25 ℃, respectively. In Hangzhou, autumn sowing is usually carried out after garlic is dormant. For the cultivation mainly harvesting garlic, the sowing time is later than that in the north, mostly in mid-late September and harvested in June of the following year.

3.3 sowing density and sowing rate

Sow seeds according to the stage, insert the selected garlic cloves directly into the soil, not too deep, slightly exposed tip. For the main cultivation purpose of harvesting garlic, the row spacing was (15: 20) cm × (10: 13) cm, and the sowing rate was 66.7~133.3kg per 667m2. The larger the plant spacing, the greater the single bulb weight of the bulb, but the abnormal bulb is easy to occur. Cover the soil with 2~3cm after sowing, and compact the cover soil to make it tight and loose. In dry weather, water the soil immediately after sowing to keep the soil moist.

4 field management

Ploughing and loosening the soil in time after emergence, topdressing 2 or 3 times during the growth period of green garlic to promote the growth of aboveground parts. Intertillage weeding is especially important after garlic seedlings are unearthed. When the seedlings are high and 10~15cm, the intertillage can be deeper, while when the seedlings are above 30cm, the intertillage is shallower. In general, ploughing and watering are combined with fertilization. In addition, for the purpose of producing garlic, bio-organic fertilizer 30~40kg was applied every 667m2 before overwintering, and overwintering water was irrigated in time after fertilization to ensure that the seedlings survived the winter safely.

After the next spring is warm, the ditch should be renovated in order to drain the water in time. Spring is not only the peak period of garlic plant growth, but also the peak period of garlic bolting elongation, and the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by the plant increases rapidly. Fertilizer was applied once in the first ten days of March, ammonium sulfate 20~25kg was applied every 667m2 to promote bolting and accelerate the growth and development of garlic cloves. At the end of March, one heavy fertilizer was applied, urea 20kg and compound fertilizer 20kg were applied to 667m2, and watering was paid attention to in order to keep the soil moist. From April to May of the following year, the bulb has begun to expand, and there are many Rain Water, we should pay attention to drainage, otherwise it is easy to cause garlic cloves to spread. The use of chemical herbicides such as herbicide, trifluralin, combined with colored film mulching has a better weed control effect.

Watering garlic bolts as little as possible 3-4 days before harvest. After garlic bolting is harvested, it enters the prosperous period of garlic expansion, at this time, the plant grows slowly and generally no longer topdressing fertilizer, such as dry soil, can be watered frequently with small water, keep the soil moist, in order to reduce soil temperature and promote expansion. Stop watering garlic 5-7 days before harvest to promote bulb maturity and enhance storability.

(5) Disease and pest control

In the Yangtze River basin, garlic diseases and insect pests are mainly leaf blight, soft rot, garlic maggots and so on. The principle of prevention and control is mainly prevention and comprehensive prevention.

Garlic diseases and insect pests can be effectively controlled by strengthening field management, reasonable close planting, increasing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium comprehensive fertilizers, adding biological antibacterial fertilizer, cultivating strong seedlings, timely drainage after rain, preventing stagnant water in the field and other agricultural measures. For leaf blight, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 1500 times, 50% propofoin wettable powder 1500 times, 64% mancozeb 500 times, 25% mancozeb 400 times or 50% Sukeling 1000 times can be sprayed to control leaf blight at the initial stage of the disease, spray once every 7 days for 4 times in a row. For the prevention and control of soft rot, 72% agricultural streptomycin 3000 × 4000 times, 50% Dysenamine 1000 times and neophytomycin 3000 × 4000 times can be used before or at the initial stage of the disease, and sprayed once every 5-7 days for 2 consecutive times depending on the disease. Spray 3000 times of 25% kungfu EC, 1000 times of 24% Wanling water or 1500 times of 50% aphid pine EC to control pests such as onion thrips and aphids. For the control of garlic maggots, 50% phoxim 1000-1500 times or 80% dichlorvos EC 800 times can be used to spray the damaged garlic plants, spraying once every 4-5 days, depending on insect pests for 2 times. The root can be irrigated with 1200 times solution of 90% crystal trichlorfon in larval stage.

6 timely harvest

6.1 harvesting of garlic bolts

After garlic stem differentiation, it elongates quickly and needs to be harvested in time, otherwise it will affect the yield of garlic. Garlic bolts can be harvested in early May when the leaf sheath is exposed and the bud is slightly hammer-shaped. The harvest and selection was carried out in the afternoon on a sunny day and was generally picked under the third leaf of the lower part of the garlic stalk. For early listing, garlic bolts can be harvested when the leaf sheath mouth 7cm is higher than the last leaf, and when the upper part is not bent; for the purpose of increasing the yield of garlic bolts, it can be harvested when the leaf sheath mouth 15cm is higher than the last leaf, and when the upper part bends downward.

6.2 the harvest of garlic

Garlic stalks can be harvested 20-30 days after harvest. At this time, most of the garlic leaves are dry, the upper leaves fade to the leaf tip dry and droop, the plant is in a soft state, and the garlic can be collected. After harvest, dry it in the field for a few days, then bundle it up and store it in a cool place or hang it. In the process of drying, we should not only prevent the garlic from being damaged by the hot sun, but also pay attention to the weather changes to prevent rain.