hatchery

Using "@ # @ 238 temperature control device in greenhouse" (Chinese patent 95239104.X), the turtle eggs are hatched, the sand temperature is 32 ℃, and the air relative humidity is 80%, the sand interstitial humidity is about 10%, timely ventilation and ventilation, the juvenile turtle comes out of the shell in about 50 days, and the hatching rate is 88% and 98%. From 1997 to 1998, a research institute in Suzhou used this "automatic heating and temperature control device" to control the temperature and reproduction of yellow-edge closed-shell turtles. The device uses a single-phase power supply, 1-4KW, adjustable, controls sand temperature 28-32 ℃, humidity is controlled at 80% Mel. 85%, for hatching 1079 turtle eggs, hatching rate is 88%. 1. Incubation facilities: new hatchery or renovation of old houses. The area is generally 10 square meters and the height is 2.5 meters. The roof of the room is sealed with foam board, and the four walls of the room had better be covered with foam board in order to keep warm. A walkway with a width of 40cm to 60cm is provided in the middle or one side of the room. Cement pools are built on both sides of the aisle, and the bottom of the pool is polished with a depth of 20 cm and water storage of 10 cm. The new cement pool should be soaked in clean water repeatedly to remove alkalinity before use. It is best to spread a layer of sponge on the bottom of the pond so that the juvenile turtles will not be damaged when they come out of the shell. The incubator is made of angle iron or wood. Set up multiple layers, one layer for every 20 centimeters or so. The height of the frame is about 1.5 meters, which is too high for operation. The incubator placed on the incubator rack uses a plastic turnover box with a height of 8cm and 10cm, and dozens of holes are drilled at the bottom and around the box to facilitate ventilation. An easier way is not to use an incubator. Stack the incubation plates one after another and place bricks on the four corners of the plates to separate the plates from the plates. Each floor is spaced 10 centimeters apart. In order to keep the indoor air fresh, a two-way ventilator is installed above the north and south walls of the hatchery. When installing the temperature control device, pay attention to the uniform distribution of the heater. Keep the incubator at a distance from the heater. The general heater is installed on four walls, 70 centimeters above the ground, and is used to heat the air when hatching. two。 One kind of turtle egg hatching is sand hatching method: the hatching plate is covered with fine sand with a particle size of 0.6mm about 3 cm thick. Place a layer of turtle eggs on it, and then cover it with 2 centimeters of fine sand. The distance between turtle eggs is 1 cm. Generally, about 100 turtle eggs are placed in each box. The other is sand-free hatching method: the hatching medium is sponge and foam board. First put a 2.5 cm thick sponge into the bottom of the incubator plate, and then put on a foam board with a thickness of 1.5 cm. Every 2 cm, there are holes of about 2 cm in diameter (according to the size of the turtle eggs), and the turtle fertilized eggs are filled up. Finally, a thin sponge with a thickness of 1 cm is placed. The sponge is required to be soaked and squeezed dry until it is not dripping, and the moisture content of the upper and lower sponges is controlled to 45% and 80% respectively. In the process of hatching, the temperature is heated automatically by the "temperature control device", and the air temperature is 34 ℃ and the sand temperature is 32 ℃. When the natural temperature is higher than 37 ℃, the sand temperature is rarely higher than 33 ℃. Therefore, temperature-controlled hatching turtles do not need cooling. The relative humidity of the air, through the heating of the air, the evaporation of water in the cement pool under the incubator, can generally meet the requirement of 80% relative humidity. Because the air circulation in the incubation room is faster and the water loss rate of sand is also faster, more attention should be paid to the replenishment of water in the sand. The interstitial humidity of sand is mainly accomplished by artificial spraying or sprinkling. Sprinkle water on the principle of a small amount of water for many times. In order to avoid sprinkling too much water at one time, the humidity of the sand is too high, and the ventilation conditions are limited, which affect the normal development of tortoise embryos. Especially in the late stage of embryonic development, attention should be paid to the stability of environmental and ecological conditions. In the process of hatching, spray water on the sand regularly, the amount of water spraying should be determined according to the dry humidity of the sand, and the humidity of the sand should be kept at 10%. Spray water must be clean, such as dirty water, it is easy to cause mold and other bacteria growth, when found that the shell surface of turtle eggs is not smooth, sticky, there are black spots on the shell, indicating that there are miscellaneous bacteria pollution, should be taken out in time to prevent the spread of germs, infected eggs basically can not complete normal embryonic development. 3. Young turtles generally come out of the shell naturally. When the embryo has completed its development, it first breaks the egg shell with the snout, protrudes its head, and then uses its forelimbs to support the whole body. Therefore, when the accumulated temperature reaches 38000 ℃, the hatching plate is moved to the lowest layer, which is close to the ground pool water, so that the newly hatched turtles can fall into the water. Or place a plastic basin under the incubator and hold water in the basin, so that the baby turtle will naturally fall into the basin after coming out of its shell. The hatching time of juvenile turtles is usually about 3: 00 to 9: 00 in the evening and before and after dawn. Another method is to induce the shell artificially. When the accumulated temperature reaches 38000 ℃, when the young turtle has not yet come out of the shell, soak the same batch of eggs that are about to come out of the shell in 20-30 ℃ warm water to stimulate the young turtle to get out of the shell after 10-15 minutes. If it has not come out of the shell after 20 minutes, it should be put back to the original place to continue hatching. This method can centralize the hatching of young turtles and facilitate management, but it may adversely affect the postnatal growth and development of young turtles, so it is not recommended. In addition, there are cooling shelling method, air exposure method and shelling method (suitable for weak turtles). These methods all have a common disadvantage, that is, they stimulate young turtles that can shell normally, resulting in some young turtles whose yolks have not been fully absorbed out of their shells ahead of time. After coming out of the shell, they can not normally absorb the yolk substance and are easy to be infected with disease, which is easy to cause death. After coming out of the shell, some of the umbilical cords have been rubbed off and some have not fallen off, but the yolk takes 2 to 3 days to be absorbed. The young turtles that just come out of their shells stretch in the water for a few minutes. The initial weight of the young turtles is generally 70% of the egg weight. When hatched, the turtles generally have a toenail length of more than 2.6 cm, a width of more than 2.2 cm, and a weight of more than 3.5 g (mostly 2.8-6.1 g). The yellow-throated turtle weighs 6.5-9 g, and the colorful tortoise is more than 3 cm long and weighs 6-8 g.