Introduction to the biological characteristics of red fish with warped mouth on the Yangtze River

Warped mouth red fish white, Guangdong area commonly known as the Yangtze River Heshun, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River commonly known as warped white, white fish, the lower reaches of the Yangtze River commonly known as Taihu white fish. In recent years, many people in our province are jealous of fish and white fish, that is, "Heshun of the Pearl River" acts as "Heshun of the Yangtze River" @ # @ 136 fish farmers. As a result, intensive farming for four years has not been able to meet the commodity specifications of 8-1 jin. Since last year, Hainan red fish and green tip red fish have been used as "Heshun of the Yangtze River". Although they grow faster than big-eyed red fish, they are slower than authentic red fish with warped mouths, and it is difficult to develop commodities of more than 1 kilogram. The sales market is limited to some seafood restaurants in Guangdong. In the north of Hunan, the purchase price for 0.5 kg adult fish is only 5-8 yuan / kg, while for more than 1 kg, the purchase price is 20-30 yuan / kg; for more than 2-3 kg, the purchase price can reach 40-60 yuan / kg. Large-size commercial fish are in short supply. In the northeast or northwest, the price of large-size chilled fish is almost the same as that of live fish. Therefore, Heshun culture, it is appropriate to choose the authentic Yangtze River system warped mouth red fish white and Mongolian red fish white original fry. Qiaozui red fish white belongs to the order Cyprinidae, Cyprinidae, Pisces subfamily, Red Fish White Genus. Known as "the first famous fish of the Yangtze River" and "three whites of Taihu Lake", it is listed as one of the four famous freshwater fish in China. Warped mouth red fish has delicate white meat, delicious taste and rich nutrition, and the whole fish can be used as medicine, which has the effects of appetizer, spleen, diuresis, detumescence and nourishment, body strengthening and brain strengthening, and has curative effect on emaciation, postpartum cramps, deficiency and weakness, poor memory, etc., which has won the praise of the majority of foodies. The products sell well all over the country and even Southeast Asia, and the price has been high: the pond edge price of 0.5 kg weight is 36-40 yuan / kg, and the pond edge price of more than 5 kg weight is 60-80 yuan / kg. In recent years, many domestic farmers with unique vision have begun to cultivate warped-mouth red fish and white fish. The author summarizes the practice of large-scale artificial reproduction and cultivation in this field, and absorbs the experience of peers, compiles this material, only for the majority of households for reference. The main results are as follows: 1. the morphological characteristics of red fish with warped mouth are white body length, lateral flatness, straight back of head, superior position of mouth and cleft mouth almost perpendicular to the body, and the lower jaw is thick and warped, protruding from the anterior edge of maxilla, juxtaposed with the back of upper jaw and head. Head and tail warped up, the whole fish is in the shape of Guan Dao, so it is also called "Guan Dao" fish. 2. The wild Qiaozui red fish are distributed all over the lakes, mountain ponds, reservoirs, rivers and fish ponds dependent on the large water surface in the four major river systems of the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, Heilongjiang and the Pearl River in China. The yield is the highest in the Dongting Lake area of the Yangtze River system to Taihu Lake, and the Qiaozui Red Fish White produced in Xingkai Lake in the northeast is also very famous. Pond culture of white fish has developed rapidly in Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei and other areas. 3. Life habit warped mouth red fish and white fish is a large freshwater economic fish in the middle and upper layers, which is swift in action, good at jumping, grumpy and easy to be frightened. When pulling the net, it can "fly" more than 1 meter high barrier. Adult fish caught in the wild are difficult to survive, and most of them are transported and sold as chilled fish. After the wild adult fish is domesticated and cultivated into mature parent fish, the original fry of the artificial breeding generation is greatly reduced, and the adult fish can completely enter the aquarium of the restaurant in the state of live fish. 4. The living environment of warped mouth red fish is wide temperature fish, the living water temperature is 0-38 ℃, the drinking water temperature is 3-36 ℃, the optimum water temperature is 15-32 ℃, the best growth water temperature is 18-30 ℃, and the breeding water temperature is 20-32 ℃. Warped mouth red fish white adaptability and disease resistance is extremely strong, survival water can be big and small, hundreds of thousands of mu of lakes and reservoirs to several square meters of cement ponds or several square meters of cages can raise fish fry into adult fish or even mature parent fish; warped mouth red fish white resistance, less disease, can tolerate hypoxia, even if the four fish in the same pond float to death, warped mouth red fish white may not necessarily float to death. Of course, high dissolved oxygen in water can improve the utilization rate of bait, accelerate the growth rate, increase the culture density and enhance the ability of disease resistance. The water depth is 0.5-10 meters, the water quality is fresh, the transparency is more than 30 cm, the pH value is 6.5-8.5, and the area is from 1 mu to hundreds of thousands of mu, or cages and ponds are suitable for raising white adult red fish with warped mouth. 5. The growth characteristics of red fish with warped mouth are rapid white growth, rough breeding, large body size, the largest individual is more than 15 kg, common wild individuals are 1-10 kg, fry are 0.6-1 kg in the first year, and 2-3 kg in the second year. Generally speaking, the growth is slower from seedling stage to body weight 100g, the growth rate is slightly faster from 100g to 200g, 200g to 300g, 300g to 2500 g, and the growth rate decreases gradually from 100g to 100g. The growth rate of the same batch of red fish with warped mouth is relatively consistent, and there is little individual difference between male and female fish all the year round (including severe winter). During the breeding season, females also eat as usual, and their growth rate will not slow down as a result of reproduction. 6. Feeding wild warped mouth red fish white is a ferocious carnivorous fish with live fish as the staple food, plankton and aquatic insects as the staple food at the seedling stage, more than 50 grams mainly devour small fish and shrimps, as well as a small number of young plants. Artificial breeding of the original fish fry, from the internal nutrition period to the external nutrition period, until the sale of commercial fish, the whole process can be fed with artificial feed. Such as soybean milk, yellow powder, eel material, silkworm pupa powder, peanut bran, soybean cake or surimi, fish paste, fish grains and so on. More than 3-4 cm can be fed with full artificial compound feed, preferably floating materials, as well as aquatic plants such as duckweed, duckweed, tender grass, tender vegetables and so on. Of course, after re-domestication, you can also eat live fish again. There was no significant difference in growth rate between high-quality artificial feed and live fish.