Techniques of short spike cuttings of tea trees in centerless soil

Tea tree centerless soil short spike cutting not only saves the cost than the traditional paved soil short spike cutting, but also the cutting survival rate can reach 85%, which is worth popularizing.

First, Miao auxiliary land preparation (1) select the land. The nursery should be close to the water source, the soil is loose, the terrain is flat, and it is convenient for drainage and irrigation. (2) Planning. To adjust measures to local conditions, divide the district according to the natural drop of the land, and dig irrigation ditches around each district, 60 centimeters wide and 40 centimeters deep. The border is generally 10 to 15 meters long and 1 meter wide. The operating ditch between the border and the border is 40 cm wide, and the border direction should be in the east-west direction. (3) set up the seedbed. After placing the line around the bed, dig the topsoil (10 cm deep), shovel all the topsoil on one side, then dig the subsoil (10 cm deep), place it on the other side, and then backfill all the topsoil and flatten it. After fully mixing the prepared pesticides, fungicides and base fertilizer, spread evenly on the topsoil after backfilling (8 grams of carbofuran per square meter, 1.5 grams of methyl topazine and 450 grams of cake fertilizer), then backfill the subsoil into topsoil, flatten it and tamp it. (4) Gully irrigation. After the seedbed is finished, continuous furrow irrigation is carried out. Furrow irrigation can kill insect eggs, make fungicides fully penetrate the soil, and the cake fertilizer is fully mature. This process takes about 20 days.

Second, it is better to build a 1.8-meter-high flat shed with sunshade facilities. The method of establishing Gao Ping shed: taking each district as a unit, laying out wire and burying piles, the horizontal spacing is 60.8 meters, and the longitudinal length is the border length. About 25 piles are needed per mu (2.5 meters long bamboo can be used, buried 50 centimeters), and each pile should be compacted and buried layer by layer of stone and soil. After burying the pile, fix the pile with wire and cover the sunshade net on the wire.

Third, cutting (1) cutting cuttings. Cuttings must be stout, semi-lignified, reddish brown branches, cutting should be carried out in the morning, cuttings should be cut immediately after cutting back. The length of cuttings is generally 3.3 to 4 centimeters. A long Internode (a leaf and a bud) cuts a cuttage; a short Internode can cut a cuttage with two nodes, and the lower leaf is cut off, leaving an upper leaf. The small pile cut on the top of the leaf should not be too short, generally leaving 3mm to 4mm, the upper end of the cut is tilted outward to avoid stagnant water and mildew, and the lower cut is cut into a horseshoe shape. (2) Cuttage. Sprinkle the surface of the border 2 hours before cutting, and then row. In general, the row spacing of tea varieties with small leaves is 710 cm. After rowing on the border, 55 kg of water was sprayed with 170ml of herbicide butachlor per mu, and then cuttings were cutting. it was better to not cover each other with cuttings and no soil after cutting. Press slightly between the cuttings with your fingers after cutting. The angle of cutting is generally 35-45 degrees between the leaves and the ground, and the leaves should not cover the ground, otherwise it will affect the respiration of the leaves. After the cuttage was finished, carbendazim 1000 times solution was used for sterilization. Finally, the bamboo bow (2.2 meters long) is inserted on the border, and the height of the center from the border surface shall not be less than 50 centimeters. The bamboo bow is covered with film and compacted with soil around to form a small arch shed, which can keep warm and wet and is conducive to cuttings healing and rooting.

Fourth, nursery management (1) Water management. After the cuttage is finished, irrigation should be carried out in time and furrow irrigation for 20 hours. The usual water management should depend on the soil moisture, and generally keep the topsoil moist. If the topsoil is dry and loose, furrow irrigation is needed in time. (2) temperature management. In autumn cutting (mid-late September to early October), the daytime temperature is still relatively high, and covered with thin film, the daytime temperature in the small arch shed is generally 28 ℃ ~ 34 ℃, the highest temperature can sometimes reach 42 ℃, once the temperature exceeds 42 ℃, the leaves will burn, so it is necessary to timely ventilation and heat dissipation (lift the film at both ends). In late March of the following year, the change of temperature should be observed at any time and adjusted in time. (3) picking buds. If there are many buds in autumn cuttings, they must be removed in time. Dissecting scissors or pointed scissors can be used when picking flower buds, do not damage buds and shake cuttings. Flower buds can be picked at the same time as ventilation or spraying. (4) fertilization. Fertilization is usually carried out in late April. With the gradual rise of the temperature, cuttings continue to produce a large number of new roots, tea buds also sprout, at this time need a lot of fertilizer and water. After May 20, after 85% of the cuttings took root, the film on the small arch shed could be removed and foliar spraying was carried out with 0.5% urea for the first time, and foliar spraying with 1% urea and Penshibao for the second time (the interval was 7-10 days). For the third time, 2% urea plus Fushibao was sprayed. After June 20, with the gradual growth of cuttings and the enhancement of resistance, we can begin to apply organic fertilizer, put 1 part of cake fertilizer and 10 parts of water into the pool to make it fully mature (about 20 days), and then take 1 part of cake fertilizer and 10 parts of water to irrigate tea seedlings once every 15-20 days. In this way, the height of tea seedlings can reach 70 centimeters. (5) refining seedlings. After entering August, the temperature dropped gradually, and the sunshade net on the high flat shed was gradually removed. In the Dabie Mountains, there are often semi-cloudy days, so we can seize this opportunity to refine seedlings.