Tea sex line breeding
The sexual offspring of tea plant are produced by the combination of male and female cells, and a breeding method of new varieties is developed through selection. A variety bred is called a sexual variety. The method is:
1. Selection of superior individual plant or type: individual plant selection or group selection from the original material nursery or production tea garden according to breeding objectives
two。 Collecting seeds and raising seedlings: for the primary selected individual plant or group, the seeds were collected respectively, and the seedlings were raised according to the system, and the seedling characters and variety purity were identified.
3. Family or group comparative test: the selected families or groups were compared with the control varieties, and the high yield, adaptability and stress resistance were systematically identified.
4. Regional trial: seeds of selected excellent individual plants or asexual offspring of groups were sown in areas with different ecological conditions for regional adaptability test.
5. Seed production test: mainly identify the seed production capacity and maternal genetic ability of the asexual offspring of selected individual plants and groups.
6. Breeding and promotion: the last selected individual or group, the establishment of seed collection garden, through sexual reproduction, the promotion of improved varieties.
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Sexual hybridization of tea plant
A tea breeding method for sexual mating between two tea plants with different genetic characteristics. It can be divided into simple crossing (single crossing for short), backcrossing, compound crossing, multiple crossing, polymeric crossing and natural crossing, etc. The main technical points are as follows: according to the breeding objectives, ① selects good hybrid parents, and those selected as female parents require strong fruiting strength, while those selected as male parents require high pollen germination rate. There was a great difference in seed setting rate between orthogonal and reverse crossing of the same parents. 1-2 days before pollination, budding buds were collected from male parents and used the next day.
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Fine varieties of tea
Breeding and popularizing fine tea varieties is a fundamental measure to improve the quality and yield of tea and increase the economic benefits of growing tea. From a large number of production practice and scientific research results, it is proved that the selection of excellent tea varieties plays a role in tea production in many aspects: first, it can increase the yield. Tea yield is determined by comprehensive factors such as the number and weight of buds and leaves per unit area, the growth rate of buds and leaves in the annual growth period, the length of vegetative growth period and so on. Under the same conditions, different varieties have different yield factors, so the yield is different.
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