Identification of tea breeding yield
A method for determining the yield of tea plant (individual, system or strain) breeding. The direct determination of yield is calculated by the yield of tea buds per unit of land.
① Annual picking calculation method: according to certain picking standards, picking in batches according to plant clusters or plots, and then counting the total yield of each season in a year. In the red and green tea areas, generally one bud two, three leaves of the standard picking; such as black tea areas, oolong tea areas, according to the standard of 4~5 leaves rest picking. At the later stage of breeding, high yield test should be carried out to identify its production potential.
② Intermittent picking calculation method: picking fresh leaves in one season or two seasons, and estimating annual yield according to seasonal yield.
(3) Peak picking calculation method: picking at the peak period of bud growth in each round, the yield in general peak period accounts for more than 60% of the yield in each season, and the annual yield is estimated according to the yield in peak period.
The indirect identification of tea yield is to determine the growth vigor, shoot germination ability and bud leaf characters of tea plant, so as to predict the yield after mining.
(1) Nursery tea seedling growth potential determination method: According to the height of tea seedlings, the number of leaves, the size of leaves, stem diameter were determined respectively, divided into strong, medium and weak three levels, the standard of strong growth potential is high, the number of leaves, large leaves, stem thickness, vice versa is weak.
② Determination method of branch and leaf weight of young tea tree shaping pruning: determine the weight of branches and leaves pruned down.
(3) Determination method of yield characters of mature tea trees: The determination items include: height and amplitude of tea bush, number of branches on the first and second backbone branches, density of new shoots in peak growth period of each season (number/square meter), weight of one bud and two leaves (g/one), active growth period of new shoots in the whole year (days), number of buds and fruits. According to the above results, the index of high yield is more buds and leaves per plant, heavier buds and leaves, bigger crown, longer active growth period and fewer flowers and fruits.
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Tea breeding techniques
In conventional tea breeding, single plant selection and hybrid breeding are mainly used. More than 90% of the new tea varieties at home and abroad are bred by these two methods. Individual plant breeding is to use natural variation materials, that is, to select a good single plant from the existing tea population, and then expand the number through reproduction, and maintain its excellent characters. Cross breeding is the use of gene recombination and interaction to make it possible for hybrid offspring to have comprehensive parental traits or super-parental types. ① correctly selected parents, ② mastered hybridization technology, and ③ strengthened the management after pollination.
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Identification of tea breeding materials
The characters of breeding materials were observed, the characteristics of various variation materials were analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages were selected according to the breeding objectives. finally, the methods of breeding new varieties were compared. The content of identification can be divided into three aspects: yield traits, quality traits and resistance. The yield characters of tea plants are mainly reflected in germination density, bud leaf weight, growth rate, growth period, regeneration ability after picking and recovery ability after disaster or trauma, while the quality characters are mainly reflected in the chemical composition, color, hairs,
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