Tea cross breeding
The variation of hybrid population was produced by sexual hybridization of tea parents with different genetic characteristics, and then selected to cultivate a new tea variety breeding method.
The selection of hybrid parents is related to the success or failure of cross breeding and the level of cross breeding. The general principle is:
The parental traits of ① can learn from each other, and the good characters should be outstanding.
The adaptability of ② parents to local environmental conditions, especially the materials selected as female parents, should have strong adaptability.
The flowering period of ③ parents should be the same, and the fruiting ability of female parents should be stronger.
The main traits required by ④ breeding objectives should have outstanding performance and high heritability in at least one parent.
According to the genetic relationship and ecotype of ⑤ parents, the genetic basis of their offspring is richer and the probability of super-parents is higher when the parents with distant genetic relationship or different ecotypes are crossed.
In tea cross breeding, simple crossing and backcrossing are two main methods. The selection of hybrid offspring mainly adopts the method of single plant selection, which should start from the seedling stage. The selection at seedling stage is based on some related traits. The hybrid progenies with good rooting performance, moderate height of tea seedlings, more branches and leaves, medium leaf size, long vegetative growth period, strong axillary bud germination and strong stress resistance often have great hope to develop high and stable yield varieties.
For the selected excellent individual plants or types, cutting propagation should be carried out in time, and the strain comparison test should be arranged.
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Tea cultivation
Based on the characteristics and requirements of the growth and development of tea trees, excellent varieties and suitable land were selected for scientific planting and management, so as to obtain high-yield and high-quality commercial beverage tea. Under suitable climate and soil conditions, the technical scope of cultivation is mainly planting, post-planting management and harvest. It is suitable to select the improved varieties of tea which are suitable for the local climate, high yield, high quality and strong resistance. For reproduction, the seeds can be raised in the nursery and then transplanted, or the seeds can be directly broadcast in the tea garden. The method of vegetative cuttage propagation is often used.
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Quality Identification of Tea breeding
A method for evaluating the quality characters of individuals, types or strains in tea breeding. The quality meaning of tea generally refers to the four factors of "color, aroma, taste and shape", which are collectively referred to as appearance endoplasm. The direct identification of quality is to prepare tea and evaluate its quality according to the picking standards and processing techniques of different kinds of tea. Making tea with a small amount of fresh leaves and small machinery is called "small-scale tea method", that is, the early identification of the quality of young tea trees or individual plants. The indirect identification of quality is based on the correlation between bud leaf shape and finished tea quality, which is identified by field observation and instrumental analysis.
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