Tea cultivation
Based on the characteristics and requirements of the growth and development of tea trees, excellent varieties and suitable land were selected for scientific planting and management, so as to obtain high-yield and high-quality commercial beverage tea.
Under suitable climate and soil conditions, the technical scope of cultivation is mainly planting, post-planting management and harvest. It is suitable to select the improved varieties of tea which are suitable for the local climate, high yield, high quality and strong resistance. For reproduction, the seeds can be raised in the nursery and then transplanted, or the seeds can be directly broadcast in the tea garden. The method of vegetative cuttage propagation is often used.
The management of young tea garden, including seedling care after planting, ensuring robust growth, preventing soil erosion, carrying out grass laying measures, interplanting green manure between rows, increasing soil fertility, promoting branching, and implementing stereotyped pruning. Adult tea management includes fertilization, irrigation, pruning, pest control and picking, etc.
The indicators of good management are as follows: pure plant, no lack of clumps, vigorous plant growth, broad crown coverage, obvious branching layer, thick leaf layer, deep and loose soil layer, less soil and water loss between rows, soil pH value between 4 and 6 in one meter depth, etc.
The key to high yield and high quality of tea lies in crown culture. The growing branches on the surface of the crown are dense, wide and strong, and the growing buds are many, fat and tender. Every 0.333 square meters there should be 300,400 growing branches and 400,500 buds and leaves can be picked. The standard of crown height and width, used to require height in 80~90cm, width in 90~100cm, now single row close planting row spacing is 145~150cm, crown width requirement is 100~120cm, height is 60~80cm, the ratio of crown height to width is about 1:2. The leaf layer of the crown mining face should be kept 15~20cm thick, and the mining face should be slightly isolated.
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Several conditions of Tea Plant cultivation
First, the requirements for climate 1. Sunlight is the first condition for the survival of tea trees, neither too strong nor too weak, and they have a special hobby for ultraviolet rays, so good tea is produced in high mountains. two。 The temperature is the air temperature and the ground temperature. The average daily temperature is 10 degrees Celsius. The lowest temperature should not be less than-10 degrees Celsius. 3. Sufficient water Rain Water is a necessary condition. But too much also has adverse effects on quality. 2. The general requirement for soil is that the thickness of the soil layer is more than 1 meter without limestone, the content of organic matter is 1% and more than 2%, ventilated and permeable.
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Tea cross breeding
The variation of hybrid population was produced by sexual hybridization of tea parents with different genetic characteristics, and then selected to cultivate a new tea variety breeding method. The selection of hybrid parents is related to the success or failure of cross breeding and the level of cross breeding. The general principles are: the parental traits of ① can learn from each other, and the good characters should be outstanding; the adaptability of ② parents to local environmental conditions, especially the materials selected as female parents should have strong adaptability; the flowering period of ③ parents should be consistent, and the knot of female parents should be more consistent.
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