Outdoor Yang Border cultivation techniques of Pleurotus ostreatus

First, the choice of mushroom bed should choose to avoid the wind and the sun, close to the water source, smooth drainage, less harm to poultry and livestock in the open land or cultivated land, or the forest clearing in the orchard to dig the mushroom bed. The mushroom bed is north-south, about 10 cm deep, 1 m wide and arbitrary in length. Leave a cement ridge about 10 centimeters wide or a small ditch in the middle of the bed. After digging the mushroom bed, disinfect it with 1% lime water or lime powder.

2. The preparation of Pleurotus ostreatus is rich in culture materials, such as cottonseed shell, wheat straw, rice straw, sawdust, bagasse, corncob and rapeseed shell, but the yield of cottonseed shell is the highest and the economic benefit is good. For the preparation of cottonseed shell culture material, 96% of the fresh and mildew-free cottonseed shell is generally used, first exposed to the sun for 1-2 days, stacked on the cement field, adding 2% gypsum, 2% calcium superphosphate, and then adding 0.02% carbendazim or thiophanate pesticides to prevent contamination of miscellaneous bacteria during culture. On this basis, a small amount of urea can be added, but not too much, otherwise the mycelium grows well, the fruiting body develops poorly, and the yield is not high. Mix the culture material well and add water to make the cottonseed shell absorb enough water and nutrient solution. Generally, 60-75 kg of water is added to the cottonseed shell every 50 kg, and the culture material is pinched tightly by hand, with the degree of water dripping between the fingers, and the water content is about 68%. Because many miscellaneous bacteria prefer acid environment, the culture materials are often mixed into neutral or alkaline in production in order to inhibit the growth of miscellaneous bacteria.

Third, after the sowing culture material is mixed, it can be spread into the mushroom bed. Generally 10-15 kg per square meter of paving material, about 10-15 cm thick. Smooth out, and then add Pleurotus ostreatus strains, the amount of bacteria per square meter of 4-6 bottles, sowing time spread a layer of material, the next layer of bacteria, so generally 2-3 layers is appropriate. After sowing, gently pat the strain and culture material with a plank to form the back of the tortoise. The material surface is covered with old newspaper and plastic film to keep warm and moisture. finally, cover the film with a straw curtain.

Fourth, after the bed is covered with plastic film and straw curtain, the mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus will grow quickly in the material. Usually after 20-30 days, the hyphae will grow all over the whole culture material. When the mycelium has been sent to the bottom of the bed, it shows that the mycelium on the material surface has matured. When the hyphae began to form piles of millet granular small yellow beads on the material surface, it indicated that the fruiting body had begun to form. At this time, the newspaper should be removed, and when there are small mushroom buds on more than 60% of the bed, the plastic film can be set up. The method is to use a bamboo arc to support both sides of the border and cover the plastic film. Because Pleurotus ostreatus is an aerobic fungus, it needs scattered light at the stage of fruiting body development, so the membrane should be uncovered and ventilated 1-2 times a day. When the mushroom cover grows to the size of a nickel, it is necessary to irrigate the ditch or spray a small amount of water on the border surface many times to keep the air humidity in the border at 80-90%. The mushroom buds will grow rapidly and soon become blossoming Pleurotus ostreatus.

If turquoise or yellow-black dots are found on the bed surface during the fruiting body growth stage, this is miscellaneous bacteria. The number of ventilation should be increased and the ventilation time should be prolonged immediately, and then the disease site should be covered with quicklime or watered with 0.2% carbendazim solution.

Fifth, harvest when the color of Pleurotus ostreatus is grayish white or dark gray and the cover is shiny. The harvest of Pleurotus ostreatus should be timely, if it is not harvested in time, it will be scattered, that is, a large number of spores will be ejected to reproduce, and the mushroom body will age quickly, thus losing its edible value. When harvesting, use a sharp knife to cut the whole cluster of mushrooms, or turn the bacteria to harvest to prevent Pleurotus ostreatus from breaking or pulling out the material surface. After the Pleurotus ostreatus is harvested, the mushroom bed should be ventilated and suspended for 1-2 days, then covered with film for heat preservation and moisturizing, and the management of the next tide of mushrooms should be carried out.