Diagnosis and treatment of mushroom degeneration

The phenomenon of bacteria withdrawal occurred in the production of Pleurotus ostreatus in autumn and winter last year, and it also occurred in spring and summer this year. The symptoms of disinfection are as follows: the seed block germinates normally, the food is slower than the normal, and the seed mass grows in the shape of radiation. When the mycelium length is 4cm or 5cm, the hyphae are gradually sparse from the seed block, the tip hyphae are denser, thicker and white, and continue to develop, the latter ones are diluted and sparse, and finally the surface of the whole bag is slightly gray or even aseptic. 40 days after sowing, the bacterial bag was grayish white, no normal white, no dense hyphae, no mushrooms after more than 50 days, barely budding, very rare. Background of the problem: cottonseed shell raw materials, in addition to conventional lime powder and other excipients, add conventional dosage of carbendazim, no longer use any other drugs; the sowing rate is 10%-15%, micropore or mesopore bacteria, seed block germination is normal; tip hyphae are basically normal, density and whiteness are slightly poor.

Practical test: the moisture content of the base material is basically appropriate, the surface mycelium is rare, the mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus can be seen from experience, but it is very weak and small in quantity; when you open the bag, there are obvious bad gases and the pungent, spicy and rotten mixed taste; the mycelium in the bag is rare, but obviously connected by hyphae, which makes the base material agglomerate, but it is loose; and the drug reaction and other factors are excluded.

In many telephone consultations, most of the mushroom farmer's friends suspected that it was nematode harm. Actual examination: no nematodes, mushroom, mosquito larvae or mites and other pests were found in microscopic examination, and the harm of insects was excluded according to the analysis of hyphae; several typical bacterial bags were observed, except for a few spots of Trichoderma and Aspergillus, no large area pollution was found in the production, but after "sterilization" for a period of time, miscellaneous bacteria such as Trichoderma will soon occupy the material surface.

Diagnosis: the main reason is the poor ventilation in the mushroom shed, which leads to the high concentration of carbon dioxide in the mushroom shed, and the secondary reason is the lack of nutrition of the base material and the aging of bacteria.

Treatment methods: develop ventilation holes in the bacterial shed to make the shed ventilated; use steel sticks with a diameter of 12 mm to punch 2-4 longitudinal holes in the bacterial bags, rotate and draw out the steel sticks to maintain the pore size; punch microholes around the bacterial bags, about 30 per bag, and toothpicks directly pierce the plastic film; try to increase the temperature of the bacterial shed to about 20 ℃; spray three-dimensional essence after mushroom.

Results: after the above treatment, the bacteria were recovered in one week, the hyphae were white, the situation was good, the sterilization place was covered with dense new hyphae, and all mushrooms were normal after half a month.

In view of the above problem of returning bacteria, special suggestions are given to mushroom farmers: before production, effective testing of bacteria and raw materials, especially the detoxification of bacteria is one of the key points; the base material needs to be scientifically designed and added with three-dimensional nutrients of edible mushrooms to make it nutritionally rich and balanced, and lay a suitable material foundation for the health of Pleurotus ostreatus hyphae and the improvement of resistance. Strengthen the eliminate virus treatment of mushroom sheds and contaminated bacteria bags, longitudinally punch the bacteria bags that have been sterilized and increase microholes, appropriately increase the temperature in the shed, reduce the humidity, so that the mycelium can resume growth as soon as possible, according to the local environmental conditions, during the germicidal period, spray 100-disease-free or Sebe09 solution every 3-7 days to ensure the smooth progress of bacteria.