Four key points of cultivation and Management of Pleurotus ostreatus in Winter

1) the light should be strong rather than weak. Light is not only an important way to increase greenhouse temperature in winter, but also an important way to increase yield and improve mushroom quality. The light intensity and time should be determined according to the heat preservation performance and weather conditions of the mushroom shed. If the heat preservation performance of the mushroom shed is good, and the temperature can be maintained above 5 ℃ at night, the grass canopy on the roof can be uncovered early and late to prolong the daytime light time as much as possible; on the contrary, the daytime light time of the mushroom shed should be shortened accordingly. As far as weather conditions are concerned, when the temperature is below 5 ℃, sunny and cloudy days should increase the lighting time as much as possible under the condition of 5 ℃; on cloudy and rainy days, the greenhouse can be brightened by 1115 ℃ when the temperature is higher during the day; and scattered light can be added to the shed in snowy days. The intensity of light also directly affects the yield and quality of Pleurotus ostreatus. In the greenhouse with strong light, the fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus is darker, the leaves are thicker, the toughness of mushroom slices is good, and the yield can be increased by about 20%. In practice, it is found that even if it is the same white Pleurotus ostreatus variety, under the condition of strong light, its fruiting body color will become light gray or even reddish brown, while the same black Pleurotus ostreatus variety will grow light white or even white when cultured in high temperature and dark light. Therefore, in the cultivation and management, we should first weigh the relationship among mushroom quality, yield and selling price, and then determine the light intensity and time of the mushroom shed. Comparatively speaking, if the light is increased properly, the benefit will be significantly improved.

2) the moisture content should be less, not more. The temperature is low in winter, the evaporation of the ground and the surface of the culture material in the shed is less, the respiration of the mycelium under the condition of low temperature is greatly reduced, and the water consumption is reduced correspondingly. In addition, the management of the mushroom shed is mainly heat preservation, and the shed is often closed. Most of the water vapor in the shed is difficult to spread out of the shed. The above three factors lead to less water demand in the greenhouse, and the water spraying in the mushroom shed should be controlled, not too much. For the mushroom shed with larger space, less bacterial sticks, better ventilation and higher temperature, the suitable amount of water should be sprayed once every 2 days, on the contrary, it can be sprayed once every 4 days. In winter, it is appropriate to spray in a hot water shed of about 50 ℃, keep the relative humidity in the shed at 85% Mel 95%, and keep the surface of the culture material relatively moist. Remember not to spray "closed shed water" when spraying water, that is, do not spray water under the condition of closed shed without ventilation. This is because when spraying water under airtight conditions, the relative humidity in the shed will be maintained at 100% for a long time, the water will be saturated, the normal physiological activities of the fruiting body will be blocked, it is difficult to grow normally, and the mushroom slices will roll up, even wither and die, causing physiological diseases.

3) ventilation should be diligent and not large. Ventilation can increase the oxygen content of the mushroom shed, but the cold air outside the greenhouse will then invade the greenhouse, thus lowering the temperature of the mushroom shed. Therefore, it is appropriate to reduce the ventilation time as much as possible on the premise of ensuring sufficient oxygen in the shed in winter. For the mushroom shed with large space and good ventilation condition, it is advisable to use short-time small ventilation, which can be ventilated for 3 30min 4 times a day, each time 20min (min); on the contrary, it should be ventilated 8 times for 10 times, each time for min, supplemented by artificial walking, so that the dead corner of ventilation can also be ventilated normally.

4) warm and cheap should not be extravagant. Temperature is an important factor affecting the production and normal growth of young buds of Pleurotus ostreatus in winter, and it is also one of the important factors affecting the production cost. the management should reduce the amount of fuel as much as possible on the premise of meeting the lower temperature limit for the normal growth of Pleurotus ostreatus. If the temperature in the greenhouse is too low or the temperature difference is too small before budding, the mushroom bud is difficult to form; after budding, the fruiting body basically stops growing, and the cauliflower shape is maintained for a long time without differentiation, or even if it is differentiated, the mushroom slices will be covered with small white thorns or mushrooms grow on mushrooms to form deformed mushrooms, and the commercial value will be reduced. Therefore, in terms of management, solar energy should be used as the main way to increase the temperature before and after the mushroom bud formation, and if necessary, the temperature of the greenhouse should be maintained above 5 ℃, so as to facilitate the heat preservation and enlarge the temperature difference and promote the formation of the mushroom bud, and after most of the mushroom bags show buds, the greenhouse temperature should be controlled at about 8 ℃ to ensure the normal growth of the fruiting body.