Requirements for Environmental conditions of Pleurotus ostreatus
The main factors affecting the growth and development of Pleurotus ostreatus are nutrition, temperature, moisture, air, light, pH and so on. In artificial cultivation, the whole process must meet the living conditions of each growth and development stage in time in order to obtain high yield and high quality Pleurotus ostreatus.
1. Nutrient carbon source is an important nutrient source of Pleurotus ostreatus. It is not only the raw material for the synthesis of carbohydrates and amino acids, but also an important energy source. The nutrition needed for wild Pleurotus ostreatus is mainly obtained from decomposing dead wood and withered grass. artificial cultivation uses rice straw, wheat straw, corncob, bagasse, cottonseed shell and sawdust as culture materials to meet the carbon source for the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus. Nitrogen source is also an important nutrient source of Pleurotus ostreatus. When Pleurotus ostreatus synthesizes protein and nucleic acid, nitrogen is an indispensable raw material. The mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus contains a variety of proteases, which can decompose the proteins in the matrix into amino acids which are simple in structure and can be absorbed directly by the mycelium. Natural nitrogenous compounds, such as rice bran, wheat bran, corn meal and soybean cake powder, can be used as sources of nitrogen nutrition.
two。 Temperature Pleurotus ostreatus requires different temperature in different growth stages of vegetative and reproductive growth. The temperature of mycelium culture stage should be between 20-28 ℃, and the optimum temperature is 24-25 ℃. In general, the temperature of primordium differentiation is lower than that of mycelial growth, and there are great differences in temperature among different species and varieties during the formation of fruiting body. In general, the temperature for the differentiation of hypothermic primordia is less than 20 ℃, and the optimum temperature is between 13 and 17 ℃. When the mycelium is full of culture material, if there is a certain temperature difference every day under the condition of mushroom emergence temperature, the primordium differentiation of Pleurotus ostreatus can be made by variable temperature stimulation.
3. Moisture and humidity of culture materials for Pleurotus ostreatus should be controlled between 60% and 70%, air humidity should be 60% and 70%, moisture of culture materials during mushroom production period should be between 65% and 75%, and space humidity should be 85% and 95%.
4. The light-irradiated mycelium stage does not need light, and the full dark condition will not form a fruiting body. therefore, after the mycelium grows through the culture material, let the scattered light stimulate to promote the primordium differentiation, the mushroom will produce neatly, the quantity is large, and produce mushrooms in batches.
5. Acidity and alkalinity (pH) Pleurotus ostreatus likes to grow on partial acid culture material, usually prepared according to the conventional formula, its natural pH can basically meet the needs of mycelial growth, without testing and regulation.
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How to prevent miscellaneous bacteria in the process of Pleurotus ostreatus
Recently, many mushroom farmers have called to consult, there has been a serious infection of miscellaneous bacteria in the process of sending bacteria in Pleurotus ostreatus bags, especially the majority of green mold and bisporase, how to prevent and cure it? In view of this problem, combined with the investigation and research in recent years, the reasons and prevention methods are summarized as follows: 1. The fresh, dry and well-managed culture materials contaminated by moisture contain a relatively small number of diseases and are suitable for the cultivation of raw materials, but the storage life is longer, and the culture materials caked by moisture will contain more diseases. If it is not sterilized, it can be used directly.
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Four key points of cultivation and Management of Pleurotus ostreatus in Winter
1) the light should be strong rather than weak. Light is not only an important way to increase greenhouse temperature in winter, but also an important way to increase yield and improve mushroom quality. The light intensity and time should be determined according to the heat preservation performance and weather conditions of the mushroom shed. If the heat preservation performance of the mushroom shed is good, and the temperature can be maintained above 5 ℃ at night, the grass canopy on the roof can be uncovered early and late to prolong the daytime light time as much as possible; on the contrary, the daytime light time of the mushroom shed should be shortened accordingly. As far as weather conditions are concerned, when the temperature is below 5 ℃, sunny and cloudy days keep the greenhouse temperature at 5 ℃.
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