Rapid cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus in high temperature season

High temperature is extremely disadvantageous to the normal growth and high yield of Pleurotus ostreatus. If conventional cultivation methods are still used, not only the cost is high, but also the yield is low. However, if the rapid high-yield cultivation technique is adopted, high yield and high efficiency can be obtained. Summing up our experience for many years, the main points of rapid growth and high yield cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus in high temperature season are as follows:

There are many suitable varieties of Pleurotus ostreatus, and the quality of pure high temperature type is poor, so it is suitable to choose wide temperature type but high temperature tolerant varieties, such as Suping, Aikang 558, Xide 33, Yaguang 1, Gaoping 1, three Gorges 13, Taohong Pleurotus ostreatus, delicious Pleurotus ostreatus, etc. These varieties can produce mushrooms normally in the temperature range of 15-36 ℃.

Use scientific formulations here are two better recipes for reference. Formula 1: cottonseed hull 500 kg, @ # @ 245 wheat bran 40 kg, rice bran 30 kg, corn flour 15 kg, fresh lime 15 kg, gypsum 15 kg, urea 3 kg, enzyme bacteria 1.5 kg, diammonium phosphate 4 kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5 kg, magnesium sulfate 1.5 kg, ketojing 10 packets, natural PH value. Formula 2: 500 kg of corncob, 50 kg of wheat bran, 15 kg of bean cake noodles, 20 kg of fresh lime, 15 kg of gypsum, 4 kg of urea, 2 kg of enzyme bacteria, 2 kg of magnesium sulfate, 5 kg of diammonium phosphate, 2 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 packets of ketojing, natural PH value.

Pay attention to cultivation skills

1. Exclusive oxygen fermentation. The mushroom production site should be selected in a place with good ventilation, close to water source and good sunshade effect. Use semi-underground mushroom house or plastic greenhouse, the outer layer should be covered with thick grass curtain to ensure good ventilation inside and outside the mushroom farm, and try to reduce the temperature in the greenhouse. First of all, mix the culture material well in the sunny place, lay it flat, add water according to the material-water ratio of 1: 1. 5, turn the material and mix well, and then accumulate. The stack is 1.2 meters high and 1.5 meters wide, and there is no need to cover it with any objects. Keep turning the material 5-6 times a day. After each turning, a wooden stick with a diameter of about 5 cm is used to evenly punch holes in the material stack surface at an interval of about 30 cm to discharge harmful gases in the material, so that the surrounding air can be added to the material pile in time with the action of pressure. meet the needs of aerobic bacteria, and then use the biological heat produced by these bacteria to kill bacteria and pests. After turning the material for many times, the purpose of purifying and ripening the culture material was achieved.

The aerated rapid bacteria can symmetrically punch two 2 cm diameter holes in the bacteria bag with a diameter of 28 cm and a length of 50 cm to replenish the excess heat and waste gas in the oxygen and excretion bag. Long-term cultivation experience has proved that drilling holes in this way can not only accelerate the growth of mycelium, but also avoid the pollution of miscellaneous bacteria caused by burning bags at high temperature, and ensure the rapid development of mycelium and the robust growth of mushroom buds.

Channel regular mushroom production due to the oxygen hole in the bacterial bag, the dense hyphae grow and then interweave and seal the oxygen hole, thus forming a bacterial column, this hole can play the role of oxygen delivery channel, thus promoting the rapid formation and growth of young mushrooms. In order to achieve the goal of regularly producing mushrooms and increasing yield, it is also necessary to achieve timely thinning of buds. The requirement of thinning buds is to retain only the formation of buds in the holes, so that nutrients can be concentrated and transported to the buds in the holes, so as to promote the rapid growth and expansion of buds, and at the same time make Pleurotus ostreatus raise bacteria and produce mushrooms quickly and regularly, which can not only increase the yield, but also improve the quality.

Strengthen management measures

1. Choose good planting materials. Select fresh, mildew-free cottonseed husk or corncob and other raw materials as cultivation materials. Put the cultivation material in the sun for 1 or 2 days before mixing. Add carbendazim or other kinds of fungicides, it is not suitable to add nutritious auxiliary materials outside the formula. It is necessary to master the amount of water added when mixing, so as not to make the water content too high. The raw materials must be fermented, and the right amount of pesticides should be sprayed in time when pests are found in the fermentation process. 2. Teaching skills in mixing materials. On the day of mixing, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Kemojing and other raw materials in the formula are sprinkled and mixed at one time. The urea, diammonium phosphate and enzyme bacteria in the formula should not be added on the same day, but should be sprinkled and mixed the next day. 3. Increase the number of bacteria. The amount of seed used for the cultivation of raw materials of Pleurotus ostreatus is generally about 10%, and it should be increased to 15% and 20% during the high temperature period. Making use of the advantage of large number of bacteria can reduce the chance of infection of miscellaneous bacteria, accelerate the speed of bacteria, and increase the yield of cultivation. 4. Adjust the temperature and humidity. When Pleurotus ostreatus is cultivated with bag material during the period of high temperature, sometimes a large number of small mushroom buds die after mushroom is produced. There are three main reasons: first, the temperature is too high. After the primordium of Pleurotus ostreatus is formed, if the continuous high temperature is above 30 ℃, the cap will gradually wither, resulting in the death of a large number of small mushrooms. Second, if the humidity is too high or too small, after the young buds of Pleurotus ostreatus are formed, if the relative humidity of the air in the mushroom or shed is less than 80%, the mushroom will wither and die due to lack of water. During the expansion of the fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus, too much water is prone to edema, yellowing and ulceration. It is also easy to die of bacteria; third, poor ventilation, when the concentration of carbon dioxide in the mushroom or shed exceeds 0.5%, it is easy to form big foot mushrooms as large as fists or thick lids. Therefore, high-temperature cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus should pay special attention to temperature and humidity. If the temperature is too high during mushroom production, well water can be used to spray the mushroom room to cool down, and strengthen ventilation to ensure fresh air in the mushroom (shed). When spraying water to the mushroom room, spray the water on the ground and the surrounding walls, not directly on the fruiting body of young mushrooms. At the same time, it is necessary to correctly grasp the amount of water sprayed, spray water 4 or 5 times a day after budding, and spray water less, evenly and finely, so as to keep the relative humidity at about 90%. 5. The bacterial bag is placed skillfully. Pleurotus ostreatus bags after sowing should be discharged in a single layer on the ground. When the air temperature exceeds 28 ℃, leave a gap between the bag and the bag to prevent the material temperature from being too high and burn the mycelium. Often observe the mycelium growth during the bacteria period, so as to turn the bag in time. In order to strengthen the ventilation of the culture room and prevent high temperature and humidity, fans and air conditioners can be used to cool down when possible.

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