Pollution-free cultivation techniques of Lily (2)

The main results are as follows: 1. The management before emergence from sowing lily seeds to the middle of February next year is mainly to clear the ditch and drainage, to ensure that the lily land is neither dry nor waterlogged, neither high temperature nor low temperature freezing damage, and to ensure the normal growth of bulb roots. from December to January of the following year, 20-30 per mu of rotten pig manure is applied, and if there is no film and straw covered lily field before emergence, pre-sprouting herbicides can be applied. Such as Roundup or glyphosate. At the same time, ploughing lily for 1-2 times before emergence can not only weed weeds and increase soil temperature, but also promote early seedling emergence.

2. Seedling stage management is generally in late February to late April or early May. After emergence, when the seedling height is about 10 cm, 25-50 kg of rotten vegetable cake fertilizer is applied per mu, or 30 piculs of rotten pig manure and urine (cannot be applied with chemical fertilizer containing fluorine and chlorine, let alone pig manure without compost), strip or hole application, 6-7 cm away from Lily Zhuo, too close to cause "rotten seedlings", too far. Fertilizer is easy to lose. At the same time, according to the labor situation, the seedling stage should be ploughed 1 or 2 times in time, rain rear ploughing (- must shallow ploughing) if possible, with a depth of 4-6 cm, deep between rows and shallow between plants.

3. The management of flower bud stage is from late April to late May or early June. the management of this period is mainly in early May, combined with soil cultivation, to carry out intertillage with a depth of 6-7 cm, in order to promote more and deeper roots and control the growth of aboveground stems. For the purpose of harvesting bulbs, the buds should be removed in time when the buds change color but do not bloom. At the same time, it should be noted that the picked buds should not be discarded in the field, but should be dealt with centrally to prevent leaving the source of bacteria. Fertilization at flower bud stage is mainly skillful application, generally according to the weather, soil quality, the amount of base fertilizer and seedling fertilizer, plant growth and appearance to determine the time, quantity and method of topdressing.

4. The long-term management of bulb speed is from the end of May to mid-July, and some towns are extended to mid-and late August.

① is the flood season at this time. It is necessary to prevent waterlogging in lily fields, clear ditches and drainage in time, choose sunny days, remove diseased bodies, and concentrate on burning or deep burial.

According to the weeds and soil consolidation in the field, ② carried out a shallow ploughing at a depth of 3-5 cm after the bud was removed.

At this stage of ③, the absorption capacity of roots is relatively weakened, in order to supplement the deficiency of root absorption of nutrients, extra-root topdressing can be carried out, which has a certain effect on preventing premature senescence and improving the yield and quality of bulbs. Can spray urea 300 times aqueous solution or potassium dihydrogen phosphate 300-500 times aqueous solution, or spray water with 10-15 ml Le Wanjia water agent, use alternately, spray again every 10 days.

5. the harvest time is to manage the lily harvest, usually from the middle of July to the first ten days of August, and the seed is postponed as far as possible. If they are lilies planted in paddy fields, in order not to affect the planting of two nights, they should be harvested before the end of July: lilies planted in early fields should also be harvested in early August (except in plain land). After receiving, send the lily purchase point in time, process it in time, prevent starch saccharification and reduce the flour yield.

The harvest of lilies should be carried out in sunny days, but not in rainy days or after rain. If it is used as a fresh vegetable, it can be harvested after Lesser Heat, but the yield is not high, it is easy to dry up, and it is not resistant to storage.

IV. Occurrence characteristics and chemical control of diseases and insect pests

There are many kinds of lily diseases and insect pests, but the main ones that affect the lily harvest are lily Fusarium wilt, gray mold, leaf blight, virus disease, root rot, aphids, ground tiger, mole cricket and so on.

The principle of disease and pest control: prevention first, comprehensive control. For lily production: the biggest threats are lily Fusarium wilt and gray mold. In particular, Fusarium wilt of lily must be prevented from the aspects of crop rotation, seed selection and disinfection, focusing on agricultural control. When the lily Fusarium wilt has just begun to show symptoms, immediately use the right medicine knife: exhibition control, the control effect is only 70-80%, and its damage occurs when it is more than Rain Water season in April-May, and it is unfavorable to carry out chemical control, so it is extremely important to do a good job of prevention in pollution-free cultivation techniques. At the same time, pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residues should be selected and used according to the safe interval of pesticides.

1. Lily Fusarium wilt

Fusarium oxysporum is a fungal soil-borne disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium oxysporum. Fusarium oxysporum has the highest isolation frequency and pathogenic rate, and is the main pathogen.

The occurrence process of Fusarium wilt was as follows: at first, the bottom leaves turned yellow, the top of the stem became light purple and bent slightly; secondly, the bottom leaves of the diseased plant turned yellow or withered by 1/4 to half, and the upper part of the stem turned purple and curved; the leaves of the diseased plant withered more than half, and the upper part of the stem was seriously bent; finally, the whole plant showed symptoms, the whole plant withered, and the bulb disc turned brown and rotten.

Control method: when lily Fusarium wilt begins to show symptoms, immediately use Luheng-5 grams to water 10-15 kg or 5% bacteriological clear water agent 300 times, or 50% nail cream copper wettable powder 400 times solution, or 60% Chlorothalonil wettable powder 500 times solution, should be 200-250 ml per plant, not too little, should not be too much. Continue irrigation every 5-7 days, 2-4 times according to the severity of the disease.

2. Botrytis cinerea is a common disease in lily cultivation and production, mainly harming leaves, but also infecting stems and flowers. Round or oval disease spots appear on the leaves at first, of different sizes, the surrounding is reddish brown, and the interior is gray-white. The pathogen is dense gray mildew layer in the damaged site (surface) and spreads through wind, rain and air flow. Generally, the disease begins from April to May and spreads rapidly in case of high temperature and high humidity. The suitable environmental conditions for the growth of pathogens were as follows: the temperature was 20-25 ℃, and the bacteria overwintered in the affected part.

Prevention and cure method: you can choose Bordeaux solution of 1purl 100, or 86.2% copper master or 53.8% can kill 1000 times liquid spray, spray once every 7-10 days, spray 2-3 times continuously, the agent should be used alternately, the spray should be uniform and thorough.

3. Lily leaf blight: it is also a common disease in lily cultivation. the initial symptom of the disease is that there are small reddish brown spots on the leaves, then the spots develop into an oval shape, and the central part of the disease spot becomes yellowish brown, which seriously extends to the whole leaf. The necrotic part can form a yellow halo ring when the weather is wet, and sometimes yellow spots appear on the old leaves of Longya lily.

Prevention and treatment: at the initial stage of the disease, sprayed with Bordeaux solution of 1VL 100 or 65% of Dysen zinc 600 times, or 50% carbendazim 800 times solution.

4. Lily virus disease: the symptoms of the leaves are the most common, the leaves shrink and turn oblique, the leaves appear irregular round markings on the front, and the leaves are dense: the diseased plants are obviously short, the buds are deformed, the color is lighter, and the seriously injured bulbs become smaller.

Control methods: spray to get rid of aphids, you can use 10-20 grams of Happy Dragon or aphid lice to kill 10-20 grams, or 20 grams at a time, or 20-30 grams of lice aphids to spray 40 kilograms of water evenly.

5. Root rot: at first, the lower leaves of the plant died, and then developed upward, resulting in the death of the upper leaves and even the stem. The symptom is that the root is light brown, part of the root is rotten, and when the bulb is rotten, the whole bulb is rotten. When the bulb is rotten, the stem and root rot.

Prevention and treatment: at the initial stage of the disease, 50% Dysenamine 200 solution or 70% chlorothalonil 500 times solution can be used to irrigate the root, each plant 200 liters, repeated irrigation 2-3 times every 7-10 days.

6. Aphids: mainly harming the young leaves and stems of lilies, especially when the leaves are unfolded, aphids parasitize on the leaves and absorb juice, causing lily plant atrophy, poor growth and malformed buds; at the same time, it also spreads virus and causes plant disease.

The control method is the same as that of 4 ③.

7. Other diseases and insect pests

It is mainly ground tiger, mole cricket gnawing on seedlings (stems), ants, @ # @ 254 eggs, nematodes, etc., which damage underground bulbs and bulb plates, resulting in root rot and death of seedlings.

Prevention and control methods:

Before ① planting, 30-50 kg of quicklime was sprinkled in the planting ditch (hole).

Weeds must be removed before ② planting, and farm manure must be fully mature.

⑧ put tea withered or a small amount of paulownia on the root of the bulb.

④ irrigated the roots with dichlorvos 500,600 times to control mole cricket and ground tiger.