Application of Interferon in the treatment of Infectious Canine Hepatitis

Infectious canine hepatitis is an acute septic infectious disease caused by adenovirus. It was characterized by necrosis in the center of hepatic lobule, intranuclear inclusion bodies in hepatic parenchyma cells and cortical cells, and prolonged bleeding time. Infectious canine hepatitis does serious harm to dogs and causes great economic losses to the dog industry. The virus has strong resistance and can survive in the soil for a long time under the condition of low temperature. it still has pathogenicity after 10 to 14 days, and can survive in the dog nest for a long time. Sick dogs and recovered dogs with virus are the source of infection of the disease, and their blood secretions and feces contain a large number of viruses. Convalescent dogs with virus can be detoxified from urine for as long as 6-9 months, becoming a dangerous source of infection. Dogs of all ages can be infected, with the most morbidity and death in puppies and recessive infection in adulthood. The main clinical manifestations of this disease are hepatitis and corneal opacity (that is, blue eye disease). The author used interferon instead of ribavirin in the treatment of this disease, and the effect is remarkable, which is reported as follows.

1 clinical symptoms

A total of 11 cases of this disease have been treated in our hospital, of which a typical case and its symptoms are introduced. The sick dog was 7 months old, female. The main complaint is that the dog does not eat, do not drink, his eyes are white, vomiting and diarrhea. Body temperature 40.5 ℃, pulse 105 / min, breath 37 / min, depressed spirit, loss of appetite, thin. Conjunctival congestion, cyanosis, mucus purulent secretion in both eyes; corneal albino opacity, characteristic hepatitis and blue eyes, obvious visual impairment: weak heart sound, no change in lung sound, yellow foamy mucus, yellow loose stool, stench, blood; left costal arch pressure diagnosis, pain response; urine is less dark yellow, mucous membrane shows varying degrees of jaundice There were blood spots and inflammation in the gingival part. The changes of body temperature were as follows: 40.5 ℃ on the 1st day, 39.0 ℃ on the 2nd day, 40.0 ℃ on the 3rd day, 40.0 ℃ on the 4th day, 39.5 ℃ on the 5th day and 39.0 ℃ on the 6th day. The body temperature curve showed a saddle shape.

2 pathological changes

The liver is slightly enlarged, light brown to blood-colored, the surface is granular, and the hepatic lobule is obviously fragile: mild congestion and swelling of spleen; fibrin exudate in intestinal mucosa: thickening of gallbladder wall, edema and bleeding. Fibrin deposition was found in the whole gallbladder mucosa (this is the characteristic lesion of the disease).

3Diagnostic

The disease can be diagnosed by epidemiology, symptoms (characteristic) and pathological changes, and those with atypical symptoms can only be diagnosed by laboratory tests (virus isolation, intradermal test, serological reaction and fluorescent antibody test).

4 treatment

The treatment principle of this disease is anti-virus, anti-inflammation, liver protection, fluid replacement, detoxification and other comprehensive therapy.

Intramuscular injection of interferon a2b 1 million IU, ceftriaxone sodium 60~80mg/kg, dog triple hyperimmune serum 1~2mL/kg, hemostatic sensitive 50~100mg/kg, vitamin K0.5 mL; 0.1% warm KMn04 solution 150mL enema; 0.5% lidocaine and chloramphenicol eye drops alternately in dogs with keratitis.

4.2compound sodium chloride 30~80mL/kg, adenosine disodium triphosphate injection 5~20mg/kg, coenzyme A30~50IU/kg, vitamin C50-100mg/kg, vitamin B1 and vitamin B12 2mL were given intravenously once a day, and 10 rats were cured after 8 days.

5 summary and discussion

5.1 according to the characteristic symptoms, early diagnosis can be made, the change of body temperature is in the shape of "saddle", corneal opacity (blue eye disease), different degrees of mucosal jaundice, laboratory examination of diseased dogs blood leukocytes decreased to 2500 ~ 3000 / cu cm, about 36 lymphocytes, prolonged clotting time, urine protein and bilirubin. After the onset of the disease should be early diagnosis, timely treatment, generally cured. Because the disease is a viral disease, the late treatment effect is not ideal.

5.2 after treatment with no other antiviral drugs, 10 diseased dogs were cured within 8 days, which fully indicated that recombinant artificial interferon had good broad-spectrum antiviral activity and immunomodulatory function, especially for canine viral enteritis, hepatitis and viral cold. Therefore, interferon has a broad application prospect in the treatment of canine viral diseases.

Interferon (InteI.fe:ron) refers to a kind of special "glycoprotein" produced by the related cells of animal body induced by "interferon inducer". After this kind of glycoprotein interferon is produced and released from its producing cells (that is, "interferon producing cells"), it can act on other cells of the same kind of animal body, and make these cells gain quite extensive "immunity".

5.4 the action characteristics of interferon can be summarized as follows.

5.4.1 Interferon is an inducible protein, normal cells generally do not spontaneously produce interferon, after being stimulated by inducers, interferon gene is de-inhibited and expressed.

5.4.2 Interferon system is the fastest first viral defense system known recently, which can make the animal body in an antiviral state in a very short time (within a few minutes). And the animal body can resist the repeated infection of the virus within 1 to 3 weeks.

5.4.3 the antiviral effect of interferon is indirectly exerted by binding to the target cell receptor and inducing antiviral protein (AVP), which inhibits the virus rather than kills the virus.

5.4.4 Interferon is species specific, and different viruses and cells have different sensitivities to interferon.

5.4.5 Ⅰ type interferon and Ⅱ type interferon have different effects and can not replace each other.