Management techniques of Pear Bud Seedling cultivation

If you want to be rich, plant fruit trees; if you want to be rich, learn skills. Pear tree has wide adaptability, easy to high yield, broad market and long benefit period, so it is a fruit tree competing for development in various places. However, in order to achieve the success of development, it is very important to plant the management of that year. There are two things to be done in the year of seedling planting: one is to ensure a high survival rate, and the other is to promote rapid growth. In order to achieve the above two items, we must do the following.

1. Pumping grooves are recommended for soil improvement, with a depth of more than 80cm and a width of more than 80cm. When trenching, the upper mature soil and the bottom raw soil are placed separately. When backfilling, a layer of litter or straw or weeds is placed at the bottom of the cypress, and then the upper mature soil is backfilled, and then divided into 1-2 layers to apply enough organic fertilizer. Generally, barnyard manure is 8000 grams per 667 square meters, phosphate fertilizer 150 kg, phosphate fertilizer must be mixed with organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, and then mineral fertilizer with low or lack of local soil content is applied. After backfilling, the planting belt should be 30cm to 50cm higher than the ground. The whole work of trenching and soil improvement should be completed as soon as possible, and it is better that the planting belt has been fully subsided and restored at the time of planting.

two。 The excellent varieties (lines) must be selected before planting. Such as Jinshui No.1, Jinshui No.2, 115Mel 3l, 121Mel 13Mel 85, Annong No.1, Huanghua, Xiangnan, Deshengxiang and so on, which are the prerequisites for high yield, high quality and high efficiency. The planting time is from early December (after defoliation) to before germination in mid-March of the following year. The sooner the better during this time. When planting, the buds must be exposed to the ground, must not be planted into "hanging seedlings". After the planting is finished, the root water should be permeated immediately. In case of drought, water should be irrigated every 15 to 20 days to ensure the survival of seedlings. When planting, pollination trees must also be configured according to the proportion of 3-4-1.

(3) Management after planting (l) cutting stock. The anvil can be cut twice. The first time is carried out immediately after planting, the method is to leave a short pile of 10 cm and 15 cm above the grafting bud, and then press the grafting film to cut off the remaining part after the bud germinates, which is beneficial to the rapid germination and growth of the grafted bud. at the same time, the grafting film can fall off without entangling the seedlings with the increase of rent on the trunk.

(2) before. After cutting the rootstock, while the bud grows rapidly, there will also be sprouting on the lower anvil of the bud, which should be erased in time to ensure the healthy growth of the bud.

(3) fixed drying. When the bud grows to 60-70 cm high, it should be plucked and dried in time to promote branching, which is conducive to the cultivation of good tree shape and lay the foundation for high and stable yield of guided fruit.

(4) topdressing. Fertilizer topdressing should grasp the principle of diligent pursuit and thin pursuit. When the buds grow to more than 5 cm, you can consider 20: 30 without topdressing once, in order to promote rapid branching and achieve the purpose of early formation and early fruiting; topdressing should not be too close to the trunk to avoid burning seedlings. Fertilizers are mainly urea and human feces and urine, about 50 grams per plant each time. When applying fertilizer, dig a shallow plate about 10 centimeters deep and apply it before or after rain, or mixed with mature human feces and urine. The amount of fertilizer should be gradually increased according to the growth.

(5) intercropping. In the young pear orchard, there is still considerable open space between rows. Reasonable intercropping can not only make full use of land and light energy, increase income, but also increase the content of soil organic matter, improve soil structure, increase the content of nutrients in soil and the utilization rate of insoluble nutrients, adjust the upper temperature, maintain soil moisture, and prevent weeds, so as to combine planting trees with raising land. However, short stalks and crops with low demand for fertilizer and water must be selected in intercropping to prevent shading and competition between fertilizer and water. Such as the choice of shallow root vegetables, legumes or green manure crops. In short, intercropping is based on the principle that it does not affect the normal growth of pear trees.

(6) Disease and pest control. Seedling growth period should be observed, if found that diseases and insect pests should be timely prevention and control, in order to ensure the healthy growth of seedlings.

(7) weeding by ploughing. In the growing season, we should often plough and weed, keep the soil loose, reduce the competition of weeds for fertilizer and water and the breeding environment of diseases and insect pests. After rain or irrigation, ploughing in time when the ground is moist and non-sticky to prevent soil consolidation. Weeds should be removed before topdressing and fertilizer utilization should be improved. Three or four times of intermediate ploughing and weeding should be carried out in the whole growing season.